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Arquitectura Prisional Portuguesa: forma, experiência e representação do espaço. O Estabelecimento Prisional de Monsanto
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O Estabelecimento Prisional de Monsanto (EPM) é uma prisão masculina, de máxima segurança, em Lisboa. O edifício onde se situa a prisão foi construído em 1879, de acordo com um projecto de cariz militar para o então designado Forte Marquês Sá da Bandeira, cujo objectivo era a defesa da cidade. As características formais do edifício e o regime disciplinar presentes no EPM suscitaram a sua associação à proposta panóptica de Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832).
De acordo com o contexto histórico subjacente ao edifício e a singularidade do espaço prisional, esta tese propôs-se compreender o EPM como espaço de reclusão máxima e também como lugar de experiências prisionais específicas, enquanto objecto holístico. Na tese, recorremos à combinação de duas estratégias de estudo:
- a primeira consistiu numa abordagem à escala do edifício, uma leitura do objecto orientada do exterior para o interior, recorrendo a fontes históricas, projectuais e documentais que visam compreender o edifício e as características dessa prisão no seu contexto histórico, social e arquitectónico próprio.
- a segunda visou a escala do corpo para abordar a dimensão humana dos seus “ocupantes” [os reclusos] e considerar a participação do seu corpo e da sua experiência pessoal, no Estabelecimento Prisional de Monsanto, através de registos orais e desenhados – os exercícios de representação do espaço prisional sobre o percepcionado e o vivido –, elaborados no conjunto dos cursos de Artes Criativas entre 2007 e 2011.
A partir da vocação artística e relacional dos desenhos sobre o espaço prisional, conceptualizaram-se as ressonâncias desse espaço e dessa experiência, latentes nos produtos fragmento, projectando os códigos artísticos dessas representações. Do cruzamento e da relação de simultaneidade entre os fragmentos significativos e as outras formas de arte contemporânea procuraram-se os vestígios, atentos à impressão do gesto e do movimento quotidiano dos corpos, encetados pelos reclusos do Estabelecimento Prisional de Monsanto. Como resultado, a colectânea de desenhos está por via da participação, tanto pela sua recepção, quanto pelo agenciamento com outras imagens artísticas, organizada segundo uma escrita visual – como uma constelação.
The Monsanto Prison Establishment (MPE) is a maximum-security male prison in Lisbon. The building where the prison is housed was built in 1879 as a project for military use and was named Fort Marques Sá da Bandeira. The formal characteristics of the building and the disciplinary environment of the MPE gave rise to its association with the Panopticon model proposed by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). In accordance with the historical context of the building and the singularity of the prison space, this thesis proposes the understanding of the MPE, in a holistic sense, as a reclusive environment as well as a maximum-security space that provides unique penal experiences. In this thesis, we combined two approaches to study the subject. Firstly, an analysis of the scale of the MPE building, and a view from the exterior to the interior based on historical and project documentation that aims to comprise the building and the prison characteristics in its own historical, social and architectural context. Secondly, a look at the human dimension of its “occupants” [the inmates] –taking into consideration their physical and personal experiences of the MPE as a prison space – captured both orally and in drawings obtained during the course of the Creative Arts [Artes Criativas] period from 2007 to 2011. Beginning with the relational and artistic vocation of the drawings of the prison space, we conceptualized the resonance of the space and the experiences latent in the product fragments, to project the artistic collections of those representations. By crossing the relation between the more significant fragments and other forms of contemporary art, we searched for traces initiated by the prisoners of the MPE, focusing on everyday gestures and movement of the bodies. As a result, the collection of drawings is organized in a form of visual writing – as a constellation.
The Monsanto Prison Establishment (MPE) is a maximum-security male prison in Lisbon. The building where the prison is housed was built in 1879 as a project for military use and was named Fort Marques Sá da Bandeira. The formal characteristics of the building and the disciplinary environment of the MPE gave rise to its association with the Panopticon model proposed by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). In accordance with the historical context of the building and the singularity of the prison space, this thesis proposes the understanding of the MPE, in a holistic sense, as a reclusive environment as well as a maximum-security space that provides unique penal experiences. In this thesis, we combined two approaches to study the subject. Firstly, an analysis of the scale of the MPE building, and a view from the exterior to the interior based on historical and project documentation that aims to comprise the building and the prison characteristics in its own historical, social and architectural context. Secondly, a look at the human dimension of its “occupants” [the inmates] –taking into consideration their physical and personal experiences of the MPE as a prison space – captured both orally and in drawings obtained during the course of the Creative Arts [Artes Criativas] period from 2007 to 2011. Beginning with the relational and artistic vocation of the drawings of the prison space, we conceptualized the resonance of the space and the experiences latent in the product fragments, to project the artistic collections of those representations. By crossing the relation between the more significant fragments and other forms of contemporary art, we searched for traces initiated by the prisoners of the MPE, focusing on everyday gestures and movement of the bodies. As a result, the collection of drawings is organized in a form of visual writing – as a constellation.
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Experiência prisional Espaço prisional Panóptico Representação prisional Estabelecimento Prisional de Monsanto Desenhos de reclusos