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Perceção da comunidade de Bissau e arredores, acerca de malária, arboviroses e respetivas práticas preventivas
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Resumo(s)
As doenças transmitidas por vetores são de grande relevância na saúde pública da Guiné-Bissau, constituindo a principal causa de morbilidade e mortalidade principalmente em grávidas e crianças menores de cinco anos. Com a ameaça global de doenças transmitidas por mosquitos, e a inexistência de vacinas, é imprescindível promover a adesão da comunidade a práticas preventivas. Uma vez confirmada a presença de Aedes aegypti e Anopheles gambiae na Guiné-Bissau, este estudo teve como objetivo geral: Descrever conhecimentos e perceções dos residentes de três áreas da cidade de Bissau e arredores, sobre os vetores Aedes aegypti e Anopheles gambiae, e as principais doenças transmitidas pelos mesmos, identificando também os criadouros larvares domésticos e peridomesticos do vector Aedes aegypti. Foi realizado um inquérito com 26 perguntas de 19 de setembro a 29 de outubro de 2016 em duas áreas da cidade de Bissau e uma em região de Biombo (urbana, semiurbana e rural), selecionando aleatoriamente 544 indivíduos, com idades compreendidas entre 18 aos 85 anos, e responsáveis pelas tarefas domésticas das suas habitações (a maioria de sexo feminino).
O estudo revelou que, entre as doenças transmitidas por vetores consideradas no estudo malária, dengue, chikungunya e zika), a mais conhecida é a malária, sendo as restantes doenças desconhecida pela maioria dos inquiridos. malária foi também o eventual diagnóstico mais referido, num episódio de febre. No que se refere às medidas preventivas eficazes, a mais referida foi o uso da rede mosquiteira (medida preventiva da malária) mas a remoção de criadouros (medida preventiva de dengue, chikungunya e zika) foi considerada ineficaz para a maioria dos inquiridos.
Os criadouros mais frequentemente encontrados foram os pneus, blocos de cimento bidões, baldes e latas presentes nas três áreas de estudo. Constituindo assim uma vantagem no caso de uma campanha para remoção de criadouros.
Vector-borne diseases are of great relevance to public health in Guinea-Bissau, and are the main cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among pregnant women and children under five years of age. In the country there are a number of risk factors, ranging from the existence of several infectious agents involved, to the lack of efficient laboratory support, to the difficulty of implementing and maintaining educational and health measures. With the global threat of mosquito-borne diseases and the scarcity of information about vector mosquitoes in Guinea-Bissau, it is essential to gather information that supports the choice of educational and sanitary measures. Thus, after confirming the presence of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae in Guinea-Bissau, this study aimed to: describe knowledge and perceptions of residents of three areas of the city of Bissau and surrounding areas, on the vectors Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae, and the major diseases transmitted by them. A survey was carried out with 26 questions from September 19 to October 29, 2016 in two areas of the city of Bissau and one in Biombo region (urban, semi-urban and rural), randomly selecting 544 individuals, aged 18 to 85 household chores (most of them female). The study revealed that among the vector-borne diseases considered in the study (malaria, dengue, chikungunya and zika), malaria is the most known, with the remaining diseases being unknown by most respondents. Malaria was also the most frequent diagnosis in an episode of fever. Regarding effective preventive measures, the most mentioned was the use of the mosquito net (preventive measure of malaria), but the removal of breeding sites (preventive measure of dengue, chikungunya and zika) was considered ineffective for most of the respondents. The most frequent breeding sites were the tires, cement blocks, buckets and cans present in the three study areas. This is an advantage in the case of a campaign to stop breeding.
Vector-borne diseases are of great relevance to public health in Guinea-Bissau, and are the main cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among pregnant women and children under five years of age. In the country there are a number of risk factors, ranging from the existence of several infectious agents involved, to the lack of efficient laboratory support, to the difficulty of implementing and maintaining educational and health measures. With the global threat of mosquito-borne diseases and the scarcity of information about vector mosquitoes in Guinea-Bissau, it is essential to gather information that supports the choice of educational and sanitary measures. Thus, after confirming the presence of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae in Guinea-Bissau, this study aimed to: describe knowledge and perceptions of residents of three areas of the city of Bissau and surrounding areas, on the vectors Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae, and the major diseases transmitted by them. A survey was carried out with 26 questions from September 19 to October 29, 2016 in two areas of the city of Bissau and one in Biombo region (urban, semi-urban and rural), randomly selecting 544 individuals, aged 18 to 85 household chores (most of them female). The study revealed that among the vector-borne diseases considered in the study (malaria, dengue, chikungunya and zika), malaria is the most known, with the remaining diseases being unknown by most respondents. Malaria was also the most frequent diagnosis in an episode of fever. Regarding effective preventive measures, the most mentioned was the use of the mosquito net (preventive measure of malaria), but the removal of breeding sites (preventive measure of dengue, chikungunya and zika) was considered ineffective for most of the respondents. The most frequent breeding sites were the tires, cement blocks, buckets and cans present in the three study areas. This is an advantage in the case of a campaign to stop breeding.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Parasitologia médica Arboviroses Malária Perceções Criadouros larvares Guiné-Bissau
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical