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Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera, Pediculidae) em crianças de idade escolar, na região de Luanda: prevalência, fatores associados e conhecimentos
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Resumo(s)
Os ftirápteros, ou piolhos, com importância em Medicina Humana, nomeadamente Pediculus humanus capitis são insetos agentes causadores da pediculose da cabeça, com particular relevância em crianças de idade escolar. Dada a verdadeira pandemia que se tem verificado nas últimas décadas, o estudo destes ectoparasitas permanentes torna-se de extrema importância não só pela incomodidade que provocam mas também pelos vários aspetos socioeconómicos que a sua presença pode causar nas pessoas infestadas nos diferentes países, independentemente dos continentes em que se encontram.
Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo determinar a prevalência de P. h. capitis em crianças de idade escolar, em três Escolas da Província de Luanda, Angola (duas públicas e uma privada), e determinar também os conhecimentos e fatores associados a esta ectoparasitose em Escolas dos Distritos da Maianga, Samba e Cacuaco. A prevalência da infestação determinou-se a partir da observação e colheita manual e observação laboratorial dos exemplares colhidos. Os conhecimentos e fatores associados foram determinados através de questionários aos Professores, Encarregados de Educação e Alunos após as devidas autorizações e Parecer do Conselho de Ética do IHMT. Neste estudo anónimo, só participaram os intervenientes que se disponibilizaram a colaborar. Dos 210 Alunos observados, verificou-se uma prevalência total de 28,10%. Nas crianças do género feminino a prevalência foi de 43,85% (52/130) e 2,5% (2/80) no género masculino. Perante os resultados obtidos, através das observações e respostas, os fatores associados, ou de risco, foram: ser criança do género feminino (p = 0,000), ter alguém em casa com piolhos (p = 0,000) e partilhar escovas e pentes (p = 0,042).
Para além das cartas de diagnóstico, positivo ou negativo, para as crianças entregarem aos Encarregados de Educação, distribuíram-se folhetos informativos, devidamente elaborados para o efeito, para que pudessem realizar melhores práticas, quer para evitar a infestação por P. h. capitis, quer para quando se encontrassem infestados. Os conhecimentos dos Professores, Encarregados de Educação e Alunos, acerca desta problemática, desde a forma de transmissão ao tipo de tratamento utilizado, são também apresentados neste trabalho
The lice (Phthiraptera), with importance in Human Medicine, namely Pediculus humanus capitis are agents of the pediculosis of the head, with particular relevance in school-age children. Given the true pandemic that has occurred in the last decades, the study of these permanent ectoparasites becomes of extreme importance not only because of the discomfort they cause but also because of the various socioeconomic aspects that their presence may cause in people infected in different countries, regardless of continents in which they are. The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of P. h. capitis in school-age children, in three Schools of the Province of Luanda, Angola (two publics and one private), and to determine also the knowledge and variables associated with this ectoparasitosis in Schools of the Districts of Maianga, Samba and Cacuaco. The prevalence of the infestation was determined from the examination of children’ hair (head) and laboratory observation of the collected specimens. The knowledge and associated variables were determined through questionnaires to the Teachers, Parents/Guardians and Students after the due authorizations and approval from the Ethics Council of the IHMT. In this anonymous study, only those agreeing to participate were included. Of the 210 students studied, there was a total prevalence of 28.10%. In the female gender the prevalence was 43.85% (52/130) and 2.5% (2/80) in the male gender. Based on observations and responses, the risk factors were: being a female child (p = 0.000), having someone at home with head lice (p = 0.000), and sharing brushes and combs (p = 0.042). In addition to the diagnostic letters, positive or negative, delivered to Parents/Guardians, informative leaflets were distributed, duly elaborated for this purpose. Teachers, Parents/Guardians and Students’ Knowledge about this problem, from the transmission to treatment, are also described in this work.
The lice (Phthiraptera), with importance in Human Medicine, namely Pediculus humanus capitis are agents of the pediculosis of the head, with particular relevance in school-age children. Given the true pandemic that has occurred in the last decades, the study of these permanent ectoparasites becomes of extreme importance not only because of the discomfort they cause but also because of the various socioeconomic aspects that their presence may cause in people infected in different countries, regardless of continents in which they are. The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of P. h. capitis in school-age children, in three Schools of the Province of Luanda, Angola (two publics and one private), and to determine also the knowledge and variables associated with this ectoparasitosis in Schools of the Districts of Maianga, Samba and Cacuaco. The prevalence of the infestation was determined from the examination of children’ hair (head) and laboratory observation of the collected specimens. The knowledge and associated variables were determined through questionnaires to the Teachers, Parents/Guardians and Students after the due authorizations and approval from the Ethics Council of the IHMT. In this anonymous study, only those agreeing to participate were included. Of the 210 students studied, there was a total prevalence of 28.10%. In the female gender the prevalence was 43.85% (52/130) and 2.5% (2/80) in the male gender. Based on observations and responses, the risk factors were: being a female child (p = 0.000), having someone at home with head lice (p = 0.000), and sharing brushes and combs (p = 0.042). In addition to the diagnostic letters, positive or negative, delivered to Parents/Guardians, informative leaflets were distributed, duly elaborated for this purpose. Teachers, Parents/Guardians and Students’ Knowledge about this problem, from the transmission to treatment, are also described in this work.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Parasitologia médica Pediculus humanus capitis Crianças Fatores de risco Luanda Angola
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical