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A cidade de Lisboa é fortemente afetada pelo fenómeno de inundações urbanas, isto devido ao efeito de diversos fatores naturais, nos quais se destaca o clima, a morfologia e as caraterísticas do território. A constante impermeabilização dos solos, quer superficial, quer do subsolo, só tem agravado as consequências sofridas na ocorrência do fenómeno de inundação. A suscetibilidade refere-se à probabilidade de ocorrência de uma inundação através das caraterísticas naturais e antrópicas do território, no entanto, a vulnerabilidade é o risco que o fenómeno de inundação tem no território através de dados populacionais, económicos, ambientais e culturais. Estas têm implicações no território, como danos económicos e sociais, patentes no património edificado e nas condições de vida da população. Devido a estes problemas o município de Lisboa tem, ao longo dos últimos anos, desenvolvido estudos para a identificação das áreas com maior suscetibilidade e vulnerabilidade a inundação, com o intuito de salvaguardar o tipo de uso do solo nos seus instrumentos de planeamento. Com este relatório é pretende-se criar e aplicar em prática a intenção da Autarquia que consiste, na melhoria e atualização das suas cartas de vulnerabilidade e suscetibilidade a inundação para a cidade, com o recurso à cartografia numérica vetorial e à ortofotografia adquirida recentemente à escala 1:1000. Neste trabalho é evidenciado o desenvolvimento dos modelos geográficos para a produção da cartografia temática de vulnerabilidade e suscetibilidade a inundação, assente na análise do território com os elementos da cartografia base homologada. Porém a cidade não é totalmente abrangida por cartografia com homologação, posto isto foi criado um modelo para a extração automática de elementos cartográficos base a partir de ortofotomapas, sendo que foi necessário a realização de testes para garantir a fiabilidade do processamento digital de imagem para a criação de cartografia temática. Para a realização do projeto foi utilizado várias temáticas, que são o resultado de vários indicadores, que através do seu cruzamento resultou as cartas de suscetibilidade e vulnerabilidade a inundação, ou seja, a partir de informação geográfica pré-existente é criada nova informação geográfica para o uso no planeamento e ordenamento do território. Este estudo não pretende apenas criar algoritmos para a criação de cartografia temática, mas também colocar em prática os modelos geográficos gerados, onde foram realizados testes nas zonas de Alcântara e Beirolas, sendo possível identificar e analisar a suscetibilidade e a vulnerabilidade destes territórios.
The city of Lisbon is strongly affected by the phenomenon of urban floods, this due to the effect of various natural factors, in which stands out the climate, the morphology and the characteristics of the territory. The constant waterproofing of soils, whether surface or subsurface, has aggravated the consequences in the occurrence of the flooding phenomenon. The susceptibility refers to the probability of occurrence of a flood through natural and anthropic characteristics of the territory, however, the vulnerability is the risk that the flood phenomenon has in the territory through population, economic, environmental and cultural data. This one have implications for the territory, such as economic and social damage, patents in the built heritage and the living conditions of the population. Due to these problems the municipality of Lisbon has, over the past few years, studies developed for the identification of areas with higher susceptibility and vulnerability to floods, in order to safeguard the type of land use in their planning instruments. This report intended to create and apply the intention of the municipality which consists in the improvement and updating of their vulnerability flood risk maps using the numerical vector cartography and orthophoto acquired recently the scale of 1:1000. In this paper is highlighted the development of spatial models for the production of thematic cartography of vulnerability and susceptibility to floods, based on the analysis of the territory within the elements of the certified base cartography. Although, the city is not fully covered by certified cartography, therefore was created a model for the automatic extraction of cartographic elements base from orthophotomaps, was required testing to ensure the reliability of digital image processing for creation of thematic cartography. For the accomplishment of the project several themes were used, which resulted of several indicators, that through his intersection resulted the susceptibility and vulnerability flood risk maps, this means that from pre-existing geographic information new geographical information has created new geographic information for the planning and order of the territory. This study doesn't pretend only to create algorithms for the creation of thematic cartography, but also put into practice the geographic models created, tests were carried out for the areas of Alcântara and Beirolas, being able to identify and analyze the susceptibility and vulnerability of these territories.
The city of Lisbon is strongly affected by the phenomenon of urban floods, this due to the effect of various natural factors, in which stands out the climate, the morphology and the characteristics of the territory. The constant waterproofing of soils, whether surface or subsurface, has aggravated the consequences in the occurrence of the flooding phenomenon. The susceptibility refers to the probability of occurrence of a flood through natural and anthropic characteristics of the territory, however, the vulnerability is the risk that the flood phenomenon has in the territory through population, economic, environmental and cultural data. This one have implications for the territory, such as economic and social damage, patents in the built heritage and the living conditions of the population. Due to these problems the municipality of Lisbon has, over the past few years, studies developed for the identification of areas with higher susceptibility and vulnerability to floods, in order to safeguard the type of land use in their planning instruments. This report intended to create and apply the intention of the municipality which consists in the improvement and updating of their vulnerability flood risk maps using the numerical vector cartography and orthophoto acquired recently the scale of 1:1000. In this paper is highlighted the development of spatial models for the production of thematic cartography of vulnerability and susceptibility to floods, based on the analysis of the territory within the elements of the certified base cartography. Although, the city is not fully covered by certified cartography, therefore was created a model for the automatic extraction of cartographic elements base from orthophotomaps, was required testing to ensure the reliability of digital image processing for creation of thematic cartography. For the accomplishment of the project several themes were used, which resulted of several indicators, that through his intersection resulted the susceptibility and vulnerability flood risk maps, this means that from pre-existing geographic information new geographical information has created new geographic information for the planning and order of the territory. This study doesn't pretend only to create algorithms for the creation of thematic cartography, but also put into practice the geographic models created, tests were carried out for the areas of Alcântara and Beirolas, being able to identify and analyze the susceptibility and vulnerability of these territories.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cartografia Suscetibilidade Vulnerabilidade Inundação Modelação Geográfica Processamento Digital de Imagem SIG Cartography Susceptibility Vulnerability Flood Digital Image Processing GIS
