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A valorização dos bairros peri – urbanos (informais) da cidade de Huambo (Angola) : O caso do bairro Kalundo
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Nas últimas décadas o continente africano tem registado um intenso processo de urbanização. Em Angola, o longo período de guerra civil acelerou esse processo, motivando um afluxo da população do interior do país para o litoral. Luanda foi a cidade que registou maior poder de atracão, mas outras cidades foram atingidas por este processo migratório. Este afluxo das populações às principais cidades influenciou a forma do seu crescimento, que passou a ocorrer essencialmente por via de assentamentos informais, com reflexos negativos a nível do parque habitacional, das infraestruturas e equipamentos, gerando graves problemas urbanos. Esta situação coloca grandes desafios ao planeamento urbano e ao ordenamento do território no país, no sentido de superar os problemas existentes e de travar o seu aparecimento no futuro.
Tendo como referencial esta problemática, a dissertação faz um enquadramento teórico e conceptual sobre os processos de urbanização em África, o crescimento e consolidação das áreas informais, os conceitos de espaços públicos e de equipamentos coletivos. Depois é feita uma resenha dos processos de urbanização em Angola, analisadas as principais características dos principais problemas urbanos nas cidades angolanas, do sistema de planeamento nas áreas urbanas e do modelo de governança urbana. Tendo como caso de estudo o bairro Kalundo na cidade de Huambo, é feito um enquadramento geográfico do bairro, e analisados alguns dos problemas urbanos que dificultam a vida da população na perspetiva dos moradores, identificadas as propostas de intervenção das autoridades locais e as estruturas de governança. Como forma de minimizar alguns dos problemas identificados, foram apresentadas propostas para a valorização do bairro, com incidência nos espaços públicos, equipamentos e infraestruturas básicas.
In recent decades Africa has experienced an intense process of urbanization. In Angola, the long period of civil war accelerated this process, encouraging an influx of population within the country to the coast. Luanda was the city that registered the highest power of attraction, but other cities have been hit by this migration process. This influx of people the major cities influenced the way of its growth, which now essentially occur by means of informal settlements, with negative consequences in terms of the housing, infrastructure and equipment, causing severe urban problems. This situation poses great challenges to urban planning and land management in the country in order to overcome the existing problems and to halt its appearance in the future. As reference this issue, the dissertation is a theoretical and conceptual framework of the processes of urbanization in Africa, the growth and consolidation of informal areas, the concepts of public spaces and community facilities. Then it made a review of urbanization processes in Angola, analyzed the main features of the main urban problems in Angolan cities, the planning system in urban areas and urban governance model. Taking as a case study the Kalundo neighborhood in the city of Huambo, a geographical framework of the neighborhood is made and analyzed some of the urban problems that hinder people's lives from the perspective of residents identified the intervention proposed by local authorities and structures governance. In order to minimize some of the problems identified, proposals were submitted to the appreciation of the neighborhood, with a focus on public spaces, equipment and basic infrastructure.
In recent decades Africa has experienced an intense process of urbanization. In Angola, the long period of civil war accelerated this process, encouraging an influx of population within the country to the coast. Luanda was the city that registered the highest power of attraction, but other cities have been hit by this migration process. This influx of people the major cities influenced the way of its growth, which now essentially occur by means of informal settlements, with negative consequences in terms of the housing, infrastructure and equipment, causing severe urban problems. This situation poses great challenges to urban planning and land management in the country in order to overcome the existing problems and to halt its appearance in the future. As reference this issue, the dissertation is a theoretical and conceptual framework of the processes of urbanization in Africa, the growth and consolidation of informal areas, the concepts of public spaces and community facilities. Then it made a review of urbanization processes in Angola, analyzed the main features of the main urban problems in Angolan cities, the planning system in urban areas and urban governance model. Taking as a case study the Kalundo neighborhood in the city of Huambo, a geographical framework of the neighborhood is made and analyzed some of the urban problems that hinder people's lives from the perspective of residents identified the intervention proposed by local authorities and structures governance. In order to minimize some of the problems identified, proposals were submitted to the appreciation of the neighborhood, with a focus on public spaces, equipment and basic infrastructure.
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Angola Huambo Assentamentos informais Governança Governação Planeamento urbano Urbanização Angola Huambo Informal settlements Governance Urban Planning Urbanisation