A carregar...
Publicação
O Mali e os Pedidos de Intervenção Militar Externa por Convite de 2013 e 2021
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.05 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Resumo(s)
As regiões que constituem o “Sul Global” têm sido, frequentemente, marginalizadas do
estudo da disciplina de Relações Internacionais, devido às raízes ocidentais deste campo
de estudos. Por esta razão, não é comum utilizar abordagens teóricas realistas para
analisar temáticas relacionadas com o continente africano.
Para preencher a lacuna mencionada, a investigação procura, primeiro, aplicar
pressupostos realistas neoclássicos a um estudo de caso único africano; segundo,
enriquecer a disciplina incentivando a sua própria descentralização mediante o estudo
de África, assim como trazer novos contributos para a teoria do Realismo Neoclássico.
Em janeiro de 2013, o Mali solicitou uma intervenção militar externa por convite
dirigida à antiga potência colonial, a França, após meses de volatilidade interna que
colocaram fim a quase duas décadas de estabilidade democrática.
Em finais de 2021, sob a viragem das suas atenções para Moscovo, Bamako convidou o
Grupo Wagner a intervir militarmente no seu território.
Deste modo, o objetivo geral do presente estudo consiste em explicar as opções de
política externa do Mali no que respeita estes pedidos de intervenção militar externa por
convite à França (2013) e à Rússia (2021), de acordo com a estrutura do Realismo
Neoclássico de Tipo II.
Recorrendo a instrumentos metodológicos como análise documental e bibliográfica,
análise crítica de discurso e tratamento de informação quantitativa para identificar as
razões que motivaram os respetivos pedidos de intervenção, argumenta-se que as
opções de política externa supramencionadas podem ser explicadas por dinâmicas
sistémicas e internas.
As conclusões evidenciam que os pedidos malianos de 2013 e 2021 podem explicar-se,
por um lado, pelos estímulos sistémicos como o legado histórico, a política externa de
Paris e Moscovo e, no caso particular da intervenção russa, os resultados das
intervenções militares francesas no Sahel e no Mali; por outro, pelas dinâmicas internas
como as perceções malianas sobre os atores externos e o contexto político-social interno
do país.
The regions that constitute the “Global South” have often been marginalized in the study of International Relations discipline, due to the western roots of this field of studies. For this reason, using realistic theoretical approaches to analyze issues related to the African continent is not common. To fill the gap mentioned, the research seeks, first, to apply neoclassical realist assumptions to a single African case study; second, to enhance the discipline by encouraging its own decentralization through the study of Africa, as well as to bring new contributions to the Neoclassical Realism theory. In January 2013, Mali requested an external military intervention by invitation to the former colonial power, France, following months of internal volatility that ended nearly two decades of democratic stability. At the end of 2021, as its attention turned to Moscow, Bamako invited the Wagner Group to intervene militarily on its territory. Thereby, the general objective of the present study is to explain Mali’s foreign policy options regarding these requests for external military intervention by invitation to France (2013) and Russia (2021), according to the Type II of Neoclassical Realism framework. Using methodological tools such as documentary and bibliographical analysis, critical discourse analysis and treatment of quantitative information to identify the reasons that motivated the respective intervention requests, it is argued that the aforementioned foreign policy options can be explained by systemic and internal dynamics. The conclusions show that the 2013 and 2021 Malian requests can be explained, on the one hand, by systemic stimuli such as the historical legacy, the foreign policy of Paris and Moscow and, in the particular case of Russian intervention, the results of French military interventions in the Sahel and Mali; on the other hand, by internal dynamics such as Malian perceptions about the external actors and the internal politico-social context of the country.
The regions that constitute the “Global South” have often been marginalized in the study of International Relations discipline, due to the western roots of this field of studies. For this reason, using realistic theoretical approaches to analyze issues related to the African continent is not common. To fill the gap mentioned, the research seeks, first, to apply neoclassical realist assumptions to a single African case study; second, to enhance the discipline by encouraging its own decentralization through the study of Africa, as well as to bring new contributions to the Neoclassical Realism theory. In January 2013, Mali requested an external military intervention by invitation to the former colonial power, France, following months of internal volatility that ended nearly two decades of democratic stability. At the end of 2021, as its attention turned to Moscow, Bamako invited the Wagner Group to intervene militarily on its territory. Thereby, the general objective of the present study is to explain Mali’s foreign policy options regarding these requests for external military intervention by invitation to France (2013) and Russia (2021), according to the Type II of Neoclassical Realism framework. Using methodological tools such as documentary and bibliographical analysis, critical discourse analysis and treatment of quantitative information to identify the reasons that motivated the respective intervention requests, it is argued that the aforementioned foreign policy options can be explained by systemic and internal dynamics. The conclusions show that the 2013 and 2021 Malian requests can be explained, on the one hand, by systemic stimuli such as the historical legacy, the foreign policy of Paris and Moscow and, in the particular case of Russian intervention, the results of French military interventions in the Sahel and Mali; on the other hand, by internal dynamics such as Malian perceptions about the external actors and the internal politico-social context of the country.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
França France Intervenção por Convite Intervention by Invitation Mali Neoclassical Realism Realismo Neoclássico Russia Rússia