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Produção da Urzela e do Pastel no contexto das paisagens insulares da Macaronésia (séculos XV - XVI)
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A importância das plantas tintureiras na Europa surgiu muito antes do século XV, numa relação com o valor dos pigmentos e o significado da cor. Estes serviram desde sempre, e em várias culturas, como elementos diferenciadores associados aos símbolos do prestígio social. Com os alvores da época Moderna este papel ganha especial relevo na Europa, e estas plantas tornaram-se essenciais para a produção de pigmentos usados na pintura e têxteis, mas também na medicina e cosmética. No contexto da expansão marítima portuguesa, as plantas tintureiras ganharam uma grande importância comercial, com a sua exploração nas ilhas atlânticas da Macaronésia a provocar um marcante desenvolvimento local. Centrada nesta problemática procuramos compreender o impacto que a produção da urzela e da planta do pastel teve tanto nas sociedades da época como nos ambientes em que se inseria. Partindo de uma fonte local, muito particularmente do cronista Gaspar Frutuoso, tentaremos reconstituir os ambientes insulares onde a urzela e pastel se inseriram. No caso da urzela, pretendemos analisar a forma como surgiu e evoluiu a sua produção, aliada a uma tecnologia rural inserida numa realidade arquipelágica e numa dinâmica Atlântica. Mais, sabendo que o pastel e a urzela se tornaram numa das principais fontes de riqueza na vida insular a par da produção cerealífera, pretendemos oferecer uma vertente que permita perceber o impacto económico e ecológico que estas explorações agrícolas tiveram nos ambientes insulares dos Açores, Madeira, Canárias e Cabo Verde.
Much before the 15th century, dye plants became very important in Europe and with the value of the pigments and the significance of colors. Across the world and human cultures, those elements were distinctive and always in connection with social prestige and symbology. In the early Modern Age, their role became extremely important in Europe and essential in the production of pigments that were used in painting and textiles, but also in medicine and cosmetics. In the context of the Portuguese maritime expansion, dye plants became commercially and economically relevant with their identification and exploitation the Macaronesia islands in the Atlantic Ocean, provoking a specific local rural development. Centered on this scientific problem, we want to understand the impact of the heather and the pastel plants production in local insular societies of the Modern Age period, both in terms of local and an Atlantic economy and in the natural ecosystems. Starting from documentary sources, such as the one by the chronicler Gaspar Frutuoso, we will try to understand and rebuild the island environments where heather and pastel grow. For the specific case of heather exploitation in Macaronesia islands, we want to analyze how production occurred and evolved allied to rural technology within archipelagic and Atlantic economic and ecological dynamics. Knowing that both heather and pastel plant were one of the most important sources of wealth in the island’s life along with cereal production, we would like to understand the impact those exploitations may have had on Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Vert.
Much before the 15th century, dye plants became very important in Europe and with the value of the pigments and the significance of colors. Across the world and human cultures, those elements were distinctive and always in connection with social prestige and symbology. In the early Modern Age, their role became extremely important in Europe and essential in the production of pigments that were used in painting and textiles, but also in medicine and cosmetics. In the context of the Portuguese maritime expansion, dye plants became commercially and economically relevant with their identification and exploitation the Macaronesia islands in the Atlantic Ocean, provoking a specific local rural development. Centered on this scientific problem, we want to understand the impact of the heather and the pastel plants production in local insular societies of the Modern Age period, both in terms of local and an Atlantic economy and in the natural ecosystems. Starting from documentary sources, such as the one by the chronicler Gaspar Frutuoso, we will try to understand and rebuild the island environments where heather and pastel grow. For the specific case of heather exploitation in Macaronesia islands, we want to analyze how production occurred and evolved allied to rural technology within archipelagic and Atlantic economic and ecological dynamics. Knowing that both heather and pastel plant were one of the most important sources of wealth in the island’s life along with cereal production, we would like to understand the impact those exploitations may have had on Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Vert.
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Plantas tintureiras Açores Madeira Cabo Verde Canárias Atlântico Impérios marítimos ibéricos Dinâmicas económicas e ecológicas Dye plants Azores Cape Vert Canary Islands Portuguese Iberian maritime empires Economic and ecological dynamics