A carregar...
Publicação
Filling the gasps in the protection of climate migrants
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.08 MB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O Antropoceno, atual era da humanidade, revela os seres humanos como o fator
precursor das alterações no clima do planeta Terra. As mudanças climáticas acarretam
impactos territoriais, tais como fenómenos climáticos extremos, salinização do solo e
aumento do nível do mar, comprometem a sobrevivência humana. Dados relativos à
deslocação climática demonstram milhões de indivíduos que abandonaram as suas
residências e nações de origem. Analistas apontam para um aumento de biliões de
pessoas deslocadas no futuro devido às consequências climáticas. Um novo grupo
vulnerável surgiu, pessoas deslocadas no contexto das alterações climáticas. Indivíduos
e famílias estão, e continuarão, a deslocar-se devido aos efeitos das mudanças climáticas,
seja a nível transfronteiriço ou interno, voluntariamente ou forçadamente, de forma
temporária ou permanente. O Direito Internacional não dispõe de mecanismos de
proteção suficientes para esta nova tipologia de movimentos. Esta lacuna legal tem
culminado na violação dos direitos humanos, recusa de pedidos de refúgio, proliferação
de movimentos internos desprotegidos e originado uma potencial situação de apátrida.
Entre a criação de um tratado multilateral, a assinatura de acordos regionais e o
desenvolvimento de mecanismos soft-law, propostas para colmatar esta carência
apresentam duas lacunas. A primeira consiste na compreensão incompleta dos
movimentos climáticos, o que leva à indefinição dos indivíduos deslocados pelas
mudanças climáticas. Os migrantes climáticos são designados como refugiados ou
deslocados, o que cria uma barreira teórica e legal à contemplação de um instrumento
de direitos protetores. A segunda imprecisão reside no isolamento das propostas em
relação a outras abordagens dimensionais, o que revela falta de rigor na priorização das
necessidades, gerando uma resposta única, sem considerar “como” ou “quando” deverá
ser implementada. O inexplorado potencial de uma abordagem plural e oportuna em
relação à migração climática constitui a base desta proposta, uma resposta
tridimensional que contempla o que tem sido possível (mecanismos de soft-law), o que é
necessário (acordos regionais) e o que seria desejável (acordo multilateral). Por meio
desta cadência tripartida, é arguido que a comunidade internacional pode fornecer uma proteção viável e adequada para os direitos dos migrantes climáticos.
The Anthropocene, our current era, reveals humans as the precursor factor for alterations in the climate of planet Earth. Climate change leads to territorial impacts such as extreme weather phenomena, soil salinization and sea level rise which have precluded human survival. Data on human movements induced by climate change has revealed that millions of individuals left their homes and nations. Analysts point to an upscale within billions displaced over climate change consequences in the future. This has generated a new vulnerable group, people displaced in the context of climate change. Individuals and families are and will be moving due to climate change effects, whether that be crossborder or internal, voluntarily or forced, temporary or permanent. International Law does not provide sufficient protection mechanisms for this complex new typology of human movements. This legal absence has led to the violation of human rights, refusal of refugee applications, proliferation of unsafe internal movements and created a potential situation of statelessness. Between the creation of a multilateral agreement, the signing of regional accords and the development of soft law mechanisms, proposed answers to fill in this gap have two detrimental misses. The first is the incomplete assessment of climate-induced movements, which inevitably leads to the undefinition of individuals displaced by climate change. Climate migrants are often designated as refugees or displaced people, which creates a theoretical and legal barrier to the contemplation of a protective rights-based instrument. The second is the isolation of proposals toward other dimensional approaches with the lack of rigour in the prioritization of necessities, creating a one-size-fits-all answer, without a how or a when. The close to intact potential of a plural and timely dimensional approach toward climate migration is the foundation forthe suggested proposal in this dissertation: a tri-dimensional answer considering what has been possible (soft law mechanisms), what is necessary, (regional agreements), and what would be desirable (multilateral agreement). Through this three-step cadence, it is argued that the international community can provide feasible and appropriate protection for the rights of climate migrants.
The Anthropocene, our current era, reveals humans as the precursor factor for alterations in the climate of planet Earth. Climate change leads to territorial impacts such as extreme weather phenomena, soil salinization and sea level rise which have precluded human survival. Data on human movements induced by climate change has revealed that millions of individuals left their homes and nations. Analysts point to an upscale within billions displaced over climate change consequences in the future. This has generated a new vulnerable group, people displaced in the context of climate change. Individuals and families are and will be moving due to climate change effects, whether that be crossborder or internal, voluntarily or forced, temporary or permanent. International Law does not provide sufficient protection mechanisms for this complex new typology of human movements. This legal absence has led to the violation of human rights, refusal of refugee applications, proliferation of unsafe internal movements and created a potential situation of statelessness. Between the creation of a multilateral agreement, the signing of regional accords and the development of soft law mechanisms, proposed answers to fill in this gap have two detrimental misses. The first is the incomplete assessment of climate-induced movements, which inevitably leads to the undefinition of individuals displaced by climate change. Climate migrants are often designated as refugees or displaced people, which creates a theoretical and legal barrier to the contemplation of a protective rights-based instrument. The second is the isolation of proposals toward other dimensional approaches with the lack of rigour in the prioritization of necessities, creating a one-size-fits-all answer, without a how or a when. The close to intact potential of a plural and timely dimensional approach toward climate migration is the foundation forthe suggested proposal in this dissertation: a tri-dimensional answer considering what has been possible (soft law mechanisms), what is necessary, (regional agreements), and what would be desirable (multilateral agreement). Through this three-step cadence, it is argued that the international community can provide feasible and appropriate protection for the rights of climate migrants.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Climate change Climate migration Legal gap International Law Multi-track approach Alterações climáticas Migração climática Lacuna legal Direito Internacional Abordagem multi-track