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A Produção do Espaço Público: das agendas às intervenções. Tendências, desafios e oportunidades a partir do caso do município de Lisboa
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Esta dissertação aborda a questão da produção do espaço público (EP) no município de Lisboa entre 2007 e 2020. Partindo da hipótese de que o EP é um órgão vital à sustentação da vida urbana, esta investigação explora o seu papel instrumental na prossecução de territórios urbanos socio-espacialmente coesos, sustentáveis e resilientes, e, perante os desafios sociais, económicos e ambientais que estes comportam, examinam-se os factores que influem sobre o seu desenvolvimento. Através de revisão bibliográfica de autores de referência, agendas, relatórios e documentos publicados por instituições (supra)nacionais: debatemos a importância do EP no desenvolvimento urbano e societal; conceptualizamos a questão do EP como produto social e da produção do espaço (público) como processo social; problematizamos o modo como os diferentes agentes, recursos, regras e ideias neste envolvidos resultam em diferentes processos e estes em diferentes impactos socioespaciais; e sistematizamos um conjunto de princípios estratégicos pelos quais se deve pautar a produção do EP com vista à coesão socioespacial, sustentabilidade e resiliência dos territórios urbanos. A partir desta lente crítica, criamos um instrumento de análise através do qual examinamos um conjunto de planos, programas, estratégias (PPEs) e intervenções de EP desenvolvidos pelo município entre 2007 e 2020, e inferimos um conjunto de tendências, descompassos e oportunidades. Concluímos que a produção do EP em Lisboa se encontra profundamente influenciada pelas agendas, práticas e estruturas de governança internacionais, e pelas lógicas neoliberais da competitividade, marketing e empreendedorismo urbano, para as quais o EP se constitui como valioso activo. Verificamos, no entanto, que a multiplicação de PPEs centrados na qualificação do EP como vector estratégico de regeneração urbana carecem de uma estratégia global e integrada; que a ênfase na requalificação de áreas nobres e emblemáticas, assim como na promoção da acessibilidade pedonal e universal, não tem sido acompanhada de uma distribuição material e espacialmente equitativa; e que a consolidação de uma cultura organizacional colaborativa, designadamente através de práticas de outsourcing, descentralização e empresarialização de serviços, não tem encontrado paralelo nos mecanismos de participação cidadã, ainda muito incipientes particularmente no que concerne processos deliberativos e de co-criação. Apesar dos limites e limitações desta investigação, o modelo conceptual multidimensional e o instrumento de análise aplicados representam uma contribuição significativa para ampliar o campo de estudo da produção do EP e para servir de base ao desenvolvimento de futuras investigações sobre o EP, a sua produção ou as dinâmicas socioespaciais por esta geradas.
This dissertation delves into the subject of public space (PS) production in the municipality of Lisbon between 2007 and 2020. Starting from the hypothesis of the PS as a vital organ for sustaining urban life, this work explores its instrumental role in pursuing socially and spatially cohesive, sustainable, and resilient urban territories, while also examining the factors that influence its development in the face of the social, economic, and environmental challenges that these territories entail. Through the literature review of seminal authors, agendas, reports, and documents published by (supra)national institutions: the importance of PS in urban and societal development is debated; the idea of PS as a social product and of production of public space as a social process are conceptualised; the way in which different agents, resources, rules, and ideas involved in the production of PS result in different processes and socio-spatial impacts is problematised; and a set of strategic principles is then systematised to guide PS production towards socio spatial cohesion, sustainability, and resilience in urban territories. Using this critical lens, an analytical framework is created to examine a range of plans, programs, strategies (PPSs), and PS interventions implemented by the municipality between 2007 and 2020, allowing us to infer a set of trends, mismatches, and opportunities. It is concluded that the production of PS in Lisbon is deeply influenced by international agendas, practices, and governance structures, as well as neoliberal logics of urban competitiveness, marketing, and entrepreneurship, for which PS constitutes a valuable asset. However, it is observed that the proliferation of plans, programs, and strategies (PPSs) focused on the qualification of PS as a strategic driver for urban regeneration lacks a comprehensive and integrated city-wide strategy. The emphasis on the requalification of prestigious and emblematic areas, as well as the promotion of pedestrian and universal accessibility, has not been accompanied by a just and spatially equitable distribution. Furthermore, the consolidation of a collaborative organisational culture, including outsourcing, decentralisation, and the corporatisation of services, has not been matched with mechanisms of citizen participation, which remain very incipient, particularly in terms of deliberative and co creation processes. Despite the limits and limitations of this research, the applied multidimensional conceptual model and analytical instrument significantly contribute to the amplification of the field of study of EP production and provide guidance for future investigations on EP, its production and the socio-spatial dynamics it generates.
This dissertation delves into the subject of public space (PS) production in the municipality of Lisbon between 2007 and 2020. Starting from the hypothesis of the PS as a vital organ for sustaining urban life, this work explores its instrumental role in pursuing socially and spatially cohesive, sustainable, and resilient urban territories, while also examining the factors that influence its development in the face of the social, economic, and environmental challenges that these territories entail. Through the literature review of seminal authors, agendas, reports, and documents published by (supra)national institutions: the importance of PS in urban and societal development is debated; the idea of PS as a social product and of production of public space as a social process are conceptualised; the way in which different agents, resources, rules, and ideas involved in the production of PS result in different processes and socio-spatial impacts is problematised; and a set of strategic principles is then systematised to guide PS production towards socio spatial cohesion, sustainability, and resilience in urban territories. Using this critical lens, an analytical framework is created to examine a range of plans, programs, strategies (PPSs), and PS interventions implemented by the municipality between 2007 and 2020, allowing us to infer a set of trends, mismatches, and opportunities. It is concluded that the production of PS in Lisbon is deeply influenced by international agendas, practices, and governance structures, as well as neoliberal logics of urban competitiveness, marketing, and entrepreneurship, for which PS constitutes a valuable asset. However, it is observed that the proliferation of plans, programs, and strategies (PPSs) focused on the qualification of PS as a strategic driver for urban regeneration lacks a comprehensive and integrated city-wide strategy. The emphasis on the requalification of prestigious and emblematic areas, as well as the promotion of pedestrian and universal accessibility, has not been accompanied by a just and spatially equitable distribution. Furthermore, the consolidation of a collaborative organisational culture, including outsourcing, decentralisation, and the corporatisation of services, has not been matched with mechanisms of citizen participation, which remain very incipient, particularly in terms of deliberative and co creation processes. Despite the limits and limitations of this research, the applied multidimensional conceptual model and analytical instrument significantly contribute to the amplification of the field of study of EP production and provide guidance for future investigations on EP, its production and the socio-spatial dynamics it generates.
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Palavras-chave
Espaço Público Produção do Espaço Agendas Urbanas Políticas Urbanas Desenvolvimento urbano sustentável Coesão e equidade socioespacial Cidadania Participação Public Space Production of Space Urban Agendas Urban Policies Sustainable urban development Socio-spatial cohesion and equity Citizenship Participation