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Devido a um aumento da esperança de vida e uma diminuição da taxa bruta de natalidade
nos últimos anos, o número de indivíduos em idade ativa por cada idoso tem vindo
a diminuir. Uma vez que são os ativos que financiam as pensões, provenientes do sistema
de previdência social público de Portugal, dos atuais pensionistas, este sistema poderá
vir a entrar em declínio, sendo assim cada vez mais procurados sistemas de previdência
privados. Desta forma, é importante o cálculo das responsabilidades atuariais, de modo a
garantir o financiamento dos Fundos de Pensões.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo obter uma expressão do cálculo da variância do valor
atual dos benefícios para coberturas de sobrevivência, reforma por velhice e invalidez.
Através da variância, estabeleceram-se intervalos de confiança para as responsabilidades,
o que permite uma melhor estimativa do verdadeiro valor dos benefícios a pagar
futuramente.
Depois de uma revisão dos conceitos mais importantes e recorrendo a uma abordagem
probabilística, foi elaborada uma modelação das coberturas de modo a obter expressões
do valor esperado e variância. Posteriormente, foram aplicadas as metodologias desenvolvidas
a um conjunto de pessoas de um Plano de Pensões, onde foram apresentados
os valores esperados, a variância e os intervalos de confiança para as responsabilidades,
considerando as três coberturas referidas anteriormente.
O estudo feito é uma mais valia para a gestão de Fundos de Pensões, pois permite
ter uma melhor visão das estimativas das responsabilidades, garantindo assim um bom
supervisionamento do Fundo.
Due to an increase in the life expectancy and a decrease in the gross birth rate in recent years, the number of individuals in working age per elderly person has been decreasing. Since it is the actives that finance the pensions, coming from the public social security system in Portugal, of current pensioners, this system has been falling into decline, therefore private pension systems are increasingly sought after. Thus, it is important to calculate the actuarial liabilities, in order to guarantee the funding of Pension Funds. This dissertation aims to obtain an expression for the variance calculation of the present value of benefits for survivorship, old-age retirement and disability coverage. Through the variance, confidence intervals were established for the responsibilities, which allows a better estimate of the real value for benefits to be paid in the future. After a review of the most important concepts and using a probabilistic approach, a modeling of the coverage was elaborated in order to obtain expressions of the expected value and variance. Subsequently, the methodologies developed were applied to a group of people in a Pension Plan, where expected values, variance and confidence intervals for the liabilities were presented, considering the three coverages mentioned above. The study carried out is an asset for the management of Pension Funds, as it allows a better view for estimates of liabilities, thus ensuring a good supervision of the Fund.
Due to an increase in the life expectancy and a decrease in the gross birth rate in recent years, the number of individuals in working age per elderly person has been decreasing. Since it is the actives that finance the pensions, coming from the public social security system in Portugal, of current pensioners, this system has been falling into decline, therefore private pension systems are increasingly sought after. Thus, it is important to calculate the actuarial liabilities, in order to guarantee the funding of Pension Funds. This dissertation aims to obtain an expression for the variance calculation of the present value of benefits for survivorship, old-age retirement and disability coverage. Through the variance, confidence intervals were established for the responsibilities, which allows a better estimate of the real value for benefits to be paid in the future. After a review of the most important concepts and using a probabilistic approach, a modeling of the coverage was elaborated in order to obtain expressions of the expected value and variance. Subsequently, the methodologies developed were applied to a group of people in a Pension Plan, where expected values, variance and confidence intervals for the liabilities were presented, considering the three coverages mentioned above. The study carried out is an asset for the management of Pension Funds, as it allows a better view for estimates of liabilities, thus ensuring a good supervision of the Fund.
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Palavras-chave
Reforma por velhice invalidez sobrevivência fundos de pensões intervalos de confiança variância
