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Refúgio das populações Deslocadas: Um estudo através da perspetiva de gênero
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O refúgio de populações deslocadas tem sido estudado com profundidade nos últimos anos em decorrência dos múltiplos fluxos em trânsito por todo o globo em busca de asilo. Com o passar dos anos, e com diferentes motivações para necessitar de asilo se tornando mais presentes, se faz inevitável uma análise mais detalhada dos processos que englobam o refúgio. Um dos grupos que tem sido ponto de partida para as atuais pesquisas é o de mulheres. O intuito deste trabalho é pensar a presença, ou a falta, da perspectiva de gênero no processo de refúgio. Para estudarmos esta questão analisamos as legislações internacionais, para podermos perceber a existência ou não de uma perspectiva de gênero nas leis, na teoria e na prática em relação ao refúgio, e na forma como o Estatuto dos Refugiados é aplicado. Com este intuito, focamo-nos na prática europeia, mais especificamente a portuguesa. Para isso estudamos relatórios, diretrizes, protocolos e outros documentos realizados com o objetivo de perceber a realidade deste processo. Além disso, realizamos entrevistas com as instituições NAIR, CPR e Cruz Vermelha que trabalham com refúgio em Portugal. Através deste desenvolvimento foi possível compreender que, apesar das tentativas atuais, a base do Estatuto dos refugiados é neutra ao gênero, o que possibilita que a prática tenha falhas, que as requerentes encontrem dificuldades em adquirir asilo, que suas necessidades nem sempre sejam atendidas, e que o processo realizado em Portugal é diferenciado em relação aos processos que são estudados pelas instituições internacionais, como o ACNUR e a ONU Mulheres, no contexto Europeu, por focarem no acolhimento de famílias realocadas de campos de refugiados.
The refuge of displaced populations has been studied in depth in recent years as a result of the multiple flows in transit across the globe in search of asylum. Over the years, and with different motivations for needing asylum becoming more present, a more detailed analysis of the processes that encompass the refuge becomes inevitable. One of the groups that has been the starting point for current research is women. The purpose of this work is to think about the presence, or lack of it, of a gender perspective in the refugee process. To study this issue, we analyze the international legislation, in order to be able to perceive the existence or not of a gender perspective in the laws, theory and practice in relation to refuge, and in the way in which the Refugee Statute is applied. With this in mind, we focus on European practice, more specifically on Portuguese. For this, we study reports, guidelines, protocols and other documents carried out with the aim of realizing the reality of this process. In addition, we conducted interviews with NAIR, CPR and Red Cross institutions that work with refuge in Portugal. Through this development it was possible to understand that, despite current attempts, the basis of the Refugee Statute is gender neutral, which allows the practice to have flaws, that applicants find it difficult to acquire asylum, that their needs are not always met, and that the process carried out in Portugal is different from the processes that are studied by international institutions, such as UNHCR and UN Women, in the European context, as they focus on welcoming families relocated from refugee camps.
The refuge of displaced populations has been studied in depth in recent years as a result of the multiple flows in transit across the globe in search of asylum. Over the years, and with different motivations for needing asylum becoming more present, a more detailed analysis of the processes that encompass the refuge becomes inevitable. One of the groups that has been the starting point for current research is women. The purpose of this work is to think about the presence, or lack of it, of a gender perspective in the refugee process. To study this issue, we analyze the international legislation, in order to be able to perceive the existence or not of a gender perspective in the laws, theory and practice in relation to refuge, and in the way in which the Refugee Statute is applied. With this in mind, we focus on European practice, more specifically on Portuguese. For this, we study reports, guidelines, protocols and other documents carried out with the aim of realizing the reality of this process. In addition, we conducted interviews with NAIR, CPR and Red Cross institutions that work with refuge in Portugal. Through this development it was possible to understand that, despite current attempts, the basis of the Refugee Statute is gender neutral, which allows the practice to have flaws, that applicants find it difficult to acquire asylum, that their needs are not always met, and that the process carried out in Portugal is different from the processes that are studied by international institutions, such as UNHCR and UN Women, in the European context, as they focus on welcoming families relocated from refugee camps.
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Estudos de género Migração Refúgio Gênero Estatuto Direitos Humanos Legislações Refuge Genre Statute Human rights Legislation