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Dinâmicas Habitacionais na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa: a problemática da habitação e a mobilidade territorial contemporânea
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Ao longo dos últimos anos, o mercado de habitação, em Portugal, tem revelado grandes fragilidades. O fraco cariz das políticas públicas em matéria de habitação, conjugando-se aos recentes fenómenos contemporâneos, impulsionaram fortes mutações no mercado habitacional, colocando em causa a salvaguarda do direito à habitação, consagrado na Constituição da República Portuguesa. A proliferação da crise económico-financeira em Portugal, no ano de 2010, culminou na deterioração da economia do país. Devido à gravidade da conjuntura económica, Portugal assumiu-se como o terceiro país a receber ajuda financeira da denominada “Troika”. Neste sentido, foram lançadas diversas medidas de mitigação no âmbito do setor da habitação, entre elas a liberalização do mercado imobiliário, porém, os esforços conduziram à financeirização da habitação, fomentando o aumento dos preços das habitações, no arrendamento e na compra. Desta forma, após a crise financeira, o mercado de habitação assistiu ao crescimento do preço do metro quadrado, com a contínua valorização imobiliária nos anos subsequentes, principalmente nos territórios historicamente mais pressionados (Antunes e Seixas, 2020). Nos anos mais recentes, a situação habitacional é agravada por fenómenos hodiernos, como a pandemia COVID-19, a Guerra na Ucrânia e o surto inflacionista, que para além da aceleração da evolução do preço do metro quadrado (Antunes e Seixas, 2022), é agravada pela escalada das taxas de juro Euribor. O presente estudo, de caráter exploratório, pretende analisar as recentes dinâmicas habitacionais e territoriais na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa de forma a perceber em que medida a pressão imobiliária pode ter contribuído para novas dinâmicas populacionais na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa. Os resultados desta investigação apontam para a tendência de valorização do mercado imobiliário nos territórios metropolitanos centrais e periféricos e para o crescimento da população em territórios em que o valor das habitações é mais reduzido, fomentando assim a mobilidade territorial para áreas periféricas.
Over the last years, the housing market in Portugal has revealed major weaknesses. The weak nature of public policies on housing, combined with recent contemporary phenomena, have driven strong changes in the housing market, putting into question the safeguarding of the right to housing, enshrined in the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic. The proliferation of the economic-financial crisis in Portugal, in 2010, culminated in the deterioration of the country's economy. Due to the seriousness of the economic situation, Portugal became the third country to receive financial aid from the so-called “Troika”. In this sense, several mitigation measures were launched within the housing sector, including the liberalization of the real estate market, however, efforts led to the financialization of housing, encouraging an increase in housing prices, in renting and purchasing. Thus, after the financial crisis, the housing market saw an increase in the price per square meter, with continued real estate appreciation in subsequent years, especially in historically most pressured territories (Antunes and Seixas, 2020). In more recent years, the housing situation has been worsened by current phenomena, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the War in Ukraine and the inflationary outbreak, which in addition to accelerating the evolution of the price per square meter (Antunes and Seixas, 2022), is aggravated by the escalation of Euribor interest rates. The present study, of an exploratory nature, aims to analyze recent housing and territorial dynamics in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area in order to understand the extent to which real estate pressure may have contributed to new population dynamics in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. The results of this investigation point to the trend towards appreciation of the real estate market in central and peripheral metropolitan territories and to the growth of the population in territories where the value of housing is lower, thus promoting territorial mobility to peripheral areas.
Over the last years, the housing market in Portugal has revealed major weaknesses. The weak nature of public policies on housing, combined with recent contemporary phenomena, have driven strong changes in the housing market, putting into question the safeguarding of the right to housing, enshrined in the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic. The proliferation of the economic-financial crisis in Portugal, in 2010, culminated in the deterioration of the country's economy. Due to the seriousness of the economic situation, Portugal became the third country to receive financial aid from the so-called “Troika”. In this sense, several mitigation measures were launched within the housing sector, including the liberalization of the real estate market, however, efforts led to the financialization of housing, encouraging an increase in housing prices, in renting and purchasing. Thus, after the financial crisis, the housing market saw an increase in the price per square meter, with continued real estate appreciation in subsequent years, especially in historically most pressured territories (Antunes and Seixas, 2020). In more recent years, the housing situation has been worsened by current phenomena, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the War in Ukraine and the inflationary outbreak, which in addition to accelerating the evolution of the price per square meter (Antunes and Seixas, 2022), is aggravated by the escalation of Euribor interest rates. The present study, of an exploratory nature, aims to analyze recent housing and territorial dynamics in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area in order to understand the extent to which real estate pressure may have contributed to new population dynamics in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. The results of this investigation point to the trend towards appreciation of the real estate market in central and peripheral metropolitan territories and to the growth of the population in territories where the value of housing is lower, thus promoting territorial mobility to peripheral areas.
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Palavras-chave
Mercado de habitação Dinâmicas populacionais Mobilidade territorial Housing market Population dynamics Territorial mobility