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Os Meios de Comunicação Social e politica externa: um estudo de caso sobre a agência Lusa e o seu papel, e contributo a nível de política externa Portuguesa na Questão de Timor Leste
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Face ao ambiente internacional cada vez mais complexo e altamente ancorado nos fluxos de informação, ao longo dos tempos, os meios de comunicação foram-se assumindo como uma importante forma de estar e atuar na arena internacional e na política externa. No entanto, embora esta complexa relação entre os media e o poder político tenha sido muito abordada nos Estudos da Comunicação, no campo das Relações Internacionais, diversas dimensões continuam por explorar. Uma das questões que se impõe é acerca do modo como os media, e em particular as agências de notícias, podem intervir na política externa quer como participantes ativos e com poder de influência, quer como um instrumento/canal para a concretização das estratégias dos Estados ou de outros agentes políticos. A presente investigação trata de tal relacionamento, atentando em particular na situação de Portugal, tendo como caso de estudo a agência de notícias de serviço público, Lusa, e a sua relação com a política externa portuguesa a propósito de um acontecimento específico da sua história – o processo de independência de Timor Leste. Assim, o contributo que se pretende trazer à discussão desta temática parte da seguinte pergunta de investigação: “Qual o contributo e o papel desempenhado pela agência noticiosa Lusa, enquanto entidade prestadora de um serviço público de informação, a nível da política externa (portuguesa) no processo de Timor Leste?”. A tese defendida é a de que, se, por um lado, a Lusa procurou atuar com independência e de acordo com os cânones do jornalismo, afigurando-se como um ator relevante e participativo no processo timorense, por outro, não deixou de ser considerada no plano estratégico da PEP como um importante canal de veiculação das posições do Estado português, ponte e possibilitadora da mobilização da opinião pública e como uma fonte de informação primordial, sendo um exemplo de como a relação da política externa com os media é ambígua, diversa e marcada por dinâmicas de influência e interdependência com repercussões relevantes sobre a atividade e outros aspetos de PE. Esta é uma investigação exploratória-descritiva, cujo objetivo mais geral consiste no lançamento do debate e das primeiras pistas acerca do papel das agências noticiosas no âmbito da PE – temática ainda pouco explorada pela literatura –, ou seja, sobre a complexidade das interações entre as esferas política e mediática no seio do sistema internacional. Para tal, foi seguida uma abordagem que compatibilizou perspetivas de diversas áreas, nomeadamente abordagens da Foreign Policy Analysis, do Realismo Neoclássico e do Construtivismo (das RI e da PE), a perspetiva da influência mútua entre media-política (do campo da Comunicação) e os recursos conceptuais propostos pela Análise Crítica do Discurso.
Due to the increasingly complex international environment, highly anchored in the information flows, over the years, the media have assumed themselves as an important way of being and acting in the international arena and in the foreign policy. However, although this complex relationship between the media and political power has been extensively addressed in Communication Studies, several dimensions are yet to be explored in the field of International Relations. One of the questions that needs attention is about how the media, and in particular news agencies, can intervene in foreign policy, either as active and influential participants, or as an instrument/channel to execute States or other political actors' strategies. The present investigation focuses in such relationship, paying particular attention to the Portugal’s situation, considering a case study about the public service news agency, Lusa, and its relationship with the portuguese foreign policy regarding a specific event in its history – the East Timor independence process. The contribution that we intend to bring to the discussion of this theme lies in the following research question: “What was the contribution and role played by the Lusa news agency, as an entity providing a public information service, in terms of (the portuguese) foreign policy in the East Timor process?”. In this thesis it’s argued that, on the one hand, Lusa sought to act independently and in accordance with the canons of journalism, acting as a relevant and participative actor in the timorese process, on the other hand, it was considered in the strategic plan of the portuguese foreign policy as an important channel for the dissemination of the positions of the portuguese State, as a bridge and enabling the mobilization of public opinion and as a source of primary information, being an example of how the relationship between foreign policy and the media is ambiguous, diverse and marked by dynamics of influence and interdependence with relevant repercussions on the activity and other aspects of foreign policy. This is an exploratorydescriptive investigation, with the general goal of launching the debate and the first clues about the role of news agencies within the scope of the foreign policy – a theme that is yet to be explored further in the literature –, that is, about the complexity of interactions between political and media spheres within the international system. In order to do so, the approach followed brought together perspectives from different areas, namely approaches from Foreign Policy Analysis, Neoclassical Realism and Constructivism (from IR and FP), the perspective of mutual influence between media-politics (from the field of Communication) and the conceptual resources proposed by Critical Discourse Analysis.
Due to the increasingly complex international environment, highly anchored in the information flows, over the years, the media have assumed themselves as an important way of being and acting in the international arena and in the foreign policy. However, although this complex relationship between the media and political power has been extensively addressed in Communication Studies, several dimensions are yet to be explored in the field of International Relations. One of the questions that needs attention is about how the media, and in particular news agencies, can intervene in foreign policy, either as active and influential participants, or as an instrument/channel to execute States or other political actors' strategies. The present investigation focuses in such relationship, paying particular attention to the Portugal’s situation, considering a case study about the public service news agency, Lusa, and its relationship with the portuguese foreign policy regarding a specific event in its history – the East Timor independence process. The contribution that we intend to bring to the discussion of this theme lies in the following research question: “What was the contribution and role played by the Lusa news agency, as an entity providing a public information service, in terms of (the portuguese) foreign policy in the East Timor process?”. In this thesis it’s argued that, on the one hand, Lusa sought to act independently and in accordance with the canons of journalism, acting as a relevant and participative actor in the timorese process, on the other hand, it was considered in the strategic plan of the portuguese foreign policy as an important channel for the dissemination of the positions of the portuguese State, as a bridge and enabling the mobilization of public opinion and as a source of primary information, being an example of how the relationship between foreign policy and the media is ambiguous, diverse and marked by dynamics of influence and interdependence with relevant repercussions on the activity and other aspects of foreign policy. This is an exploratorydescriptive investigation, with the general goal of launching the debate and the first clues about the role of news agencies within the scope of the foreign policy – a theme that is yet to be explored further in the literature –, that is, about the complexity of interactions between political and media spheres within the international system. In order to do so, the approach followed brought together perspectives from different areas, namely approaches from Foreign Policy Analysis, Neoclassical Realism and Constructivism (from IR and FP), the perspective of mutual influence between media-politics (from the field of Communication) and the conceptual resources proposed by Critical Discourse Analysis.
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Comunicação Social Timor Política Externa Media Portugal Timor Leste Agência Lusa Foreign Policy East Timor Lusa News agency