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Standardized national exams and political cycles: evidence from legislative elections in Portugal
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Resumo(s)
Thisstudy examineswhether standardized 12thgrade national examination results are sensitive to coming legislative electionsin Portugal.Using individual data for all exiting high-school students takingnational examsbetween the years 2004 and 2018,our empirical investigation uncovers a 1.17 and 0.63increase, on a scale of 0 to 20, in Mathematics and Portuguese scores, respectively, in the years where the exams occurredbefore legislative elections.Weshow that a unit increase in the average score of Mathematics and Portuguese exams, in those years, leads to a 1.46 percentage point risein the vote share of the seating government.
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Political business cycles Elections Standardized exams Education