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Between Directives and Enforcement
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Esta dissertação analisa a eficácia do sistema de prevenção à lavagem de capitais e financiamento do terrorismo (AML/CFT) em Portugal, com foco nas diferenças institucionais, culturais e práticas de fiscalização em comparação com os países nórdicos. Através de uma abordagem qualitativa, foram identificados desafios estruturais, como supervisão fragmentada, falta de coordenação transfronteiriça,
opacidade na identificação de Beneficiários Finais (UBO), controle insuficiente em setores não financeiros (DNFBPs) e vulnerabilidades em programas de investimento, como o Golden Visa. A análise comparativa evidenciou que, apesar de um quadro legislativo robusto, a eficácia do sistema depende de uma execução diligente e adaptável, alinhada com as melhores práticas internacionais. As
recomendações práticas propostas visam fortalecer a coordenação institucional, aumentar a transparência, reformar programas de investimento e promover uma cultura de conformidade, contribuindo para a consolidação de um sistema AML/CFT mais eficaz e alinhado com os padrões da União Europeia.
This dissertation examines the effectiveness of Portugal's Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing (AML/CFT) system, focusing on institutional, cultural, and enforcement differences compared to Nordic countries. Through a qualitative approach, structural challenges were identified, such as fragmented supervision, limited cross-border coordination, opacity in Ultimate Beneficial Ownership (UBO) identification, insufficient controls in non-financial sectors (DNFBPs), and vulnerabilities in investment programs like the Golden Visa. The comparative analysis highlighted that, despite a robust legislative framework, the system's effectiveness relies on diligent and adaptable enforcement aligned with international best practices. The proposed practical recommendations aim to strengthen institutional coordination, enhance transparency, reform investment programs, and promote a compliance culture, contributing to the consolidation of a more effective AML/CFT system in line with European Union standards.
This dissertation examines the effectiveness of Portugal's Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing (AML/CFT) system, focusing on institutional, cultural, and enforcement differences compared to Nordic countries. Through a qualitative approach, structural challenges were identified, such as fragmented supervision, limited cross-border coordination, opacity in Ultimate Beneficial Ownership (UBO) identification, insufficient controls in non-financial sectors (DNFBPs), and vulnerabilities in investment programs like the Golden Visa. The comparative analysis highlighted that, despite a robust legislative framework, the system's effectiveness relies on diligent and adaptable enforcement aligned with international best practices. The proposed practical recommendations aim to strengthen institutional coordination, enhance transparency, reform investment programs, and promote a compliance culture, contributing to the consolidation of a more effective AML/CFT system in line with European Union standards.
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AML/CFT Portugal supervisão financeira DNFBPs UBO Golden Visa abordagem baseada em risco melhores práticas internacionais financial supervision Golden Visa risk-based approach international best practices