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INTEGRAÇÃO DE CALOR RESIDUAL PARA AUMENTO DA EFICIÊNCIA ENERGÉTICA
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O aumento da concentração de CO₂ na atmosfera impulsionou o estabelecimento de metas ambientais globais, nomeadamente o Acordo de Paris, promovendo a transição para um modelo energético mais sustentável. A otimização da eficiência energética e a recuperação de calor residual desempenham um papel fundamental na redução das emissões de CO₂ e nos custos operacionais da indústria.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e implementar medidas para melhorar a eficiência
energética da refinaria de Sines, alinhando-se com a meta de reduzir as suas emissões em 40% até 2030, face a 2017 Para tal, foram analisadas duas oportunidades através do simulador PetroSIM, avaliando seu impacto e viabilidade.
Na primeira oportunidade, investigou-se a implementação de um termossifão para reaproveitamento do calor residual do resíduo atmosférico, reduzindo o consumo de vapor na coluna de fracionamento de GPL. O primeiro caso de estudo analisou a divisão do caudal do fundo da coluna entre o termossifão e o revaporizador pré-existente, resultando numa redução de 4 ton/h no consumo de vapor e numa diminuição anual de 6,2 kta de CO₂. O segundo caso
maximizou o caudal alimentado ao termossifão, reduzindo o consumo de vapor em 8 ton/h e as emissões anuais em 12,3 kta de CO₂. A análise económica apontou um investimento de 5,6 milhões de euros, um payback de 3 anos e uma TIR de 37,4%, suportando a viabilidade do projeto.
Num terceiro caso independente, estudou-se a implementação de uma bomba de calor para recuperação de calor residual do resíduo atmosférico e de água temperada na produção de vapor. Apesar de reduzir 23,7 kta de CO₂ anualmente, a análise económica indicou um VAL negativo e uma TIR de 7%, tornando o projeto inviável nas condições atuais.
Concluiu-se que a implementação do termossifão é a solução mais eficiente e viável, reduzindo cerca de 0,5% das emissões totais de CO₂ da refinaria. Embora esse valor possa parecer pequeno, representa um impacto significativo dada a dimensão da refinaria.
The increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentration has driven the establishment of global envi- ronmental targets, notably the Paris Agreement, which promotes the transition to a more sus- tainable energy model. Optimizing energy efficiency and recovering residual heat play a fun- damental role in reducing CO₂ emissions and industrial operating costs. This dissertation sought to identify and implement measures to improve the energy efficiency of the Sines refinery, aligning with the goal of reducing its emissions by 40% by 2030, com- pared to 2017 levels. For this purpose, two opportunities were analyzed using the PetroSIM simulator, evaluating their impact and feasibility. In the first opportunity, the implementation of a thermosyphon for residual heat recovery from atmospheric residue was investigated, reducing steam consumption in the LPG fractionation column. The first case study analyzed the division of the column bottom flow between the thermosyphon, and the pre-existing reboiler, leading to a reduction of 4 ton/h in steam con- sumption and an annual decrease of 6.2 kt/y of CO₂. The second case maximized the flow to the thermosyphon, reducing steam consumption by 8 ton/h and annual emissions by 12.3 kt/y of CO₂. The economic analysis showed an investment of €5.6 million, a three-year payback period, and an IRR of 37.4%, validating the project's feasibility. In a third independent case, the implementation of a heat pump for residual heat recovery from atmospheric residue and tempered water in steam production was studied. Despite achieving a reduction of 23.7 kt/y of CO₂ annually, the economic analysis showed a negative NPV and an IRR of 7%, making the project unfeasible under current conditions. It was concluded that the implementation of the thermosiphon is the most efficient and viable solution, reducing the refinery's total CO₂ emissions by approximately 0.5%. While this value may seem small, it represents a significant impact given the refinery's scale.
The increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentration has driven the establishment of global envi- ronmental targets, notably the Paris Agreement, which promotes the transition to a more sus- tainable energy model. Optimizing energy efficiency and recovering residual heat play a fun- damental role in reducing CO₂ emissions and industrial operating costs. This dissertation sought to identify and implement measures to improve the energy efficiency of the Sines refinery, aligning with the goal of reducing its emissions by 40% by 2030, com- pared to 2017 levels. For this purpose, two opportunities were analyzed using the PetroSIM simulator, evaluating their impact and feasibility. In the first opportunity, the implementation of a thermosyphon for residual heat recovery from atmospheric residue was investigated, reducing steam consumption in the LPG fractionation column. The first case study analyzed the division of the column bottom flow between the thermosyphon, and the pre-existing reboiler, leading to a reduction of 4 ton/h in steam con- sumption and an annual decrease of 6.2 kt/y of CO₂. The second case maximized the flow to the thermosyphon, reducing steam consumption by 8 ton/h and annual emissions by 12.3 kt/y of CO₂. The economic analysis showed an investment of €5.6 million, a three-year payback period, and an IRR of 37.4%, validating the project's feasibility. In a third independent case, the implementation of a heat pump for residual heat recovery from atmospheric residue and tempered water in steam production was studied. Despite achieving a reduction of 23.7 kt/y of CO₂ annually, the economic analysis showed a negative NPV and an IRR of 7%, making the project unfeasible under current conditions. It was concluded that the implementation of the thermosiphon is the most efficient and viable solution, reducing the refinery's total CO₂ emissions by approximately 0.5%. While this value may seem small, it represents a significant impact given the refinery's scale.
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Palavras-chave
Emissões de CO₂ Eficiência energética 2 Calor residual 3 Resíduo atmosférico Vapor