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A espacialidade da morte em Lisboa Moderna: contributos para uma arqueologia funerária na Igreja de São Lourenço, Mouraria
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Em Portugal, com o amadurecer das ciências arqueológicas e antropológicas, tem-se vindo a explorar uma abordagem que combina estas áreas com outras ciências ditas exactas, tais como a Biologia, Química ou Geologia – a Bioarqueologia. Utilizando metodologias próprias desta disciplina é possível estudar e compreender os arqueossítios de forma holística e diacrónica. Esta foi a abordagem aplicada ao sítio da igreja de São Lourenço (Mouraria, Lisboa), intervencionada arqueologicamente entre os anos de 1992 e 1999. A igreja foi fundada após a cristianização do bairro da Mouraria sobre pré-existências muçulmanas. Este espaço de culto foi ocupado desde o século XII ao XIX. Foram identificadas quarenta e seis inumações, das quais sete foram levantadas para estudo em laboratório a par de espólio artefactual variado.
O estudo concentrou-se nas épocas baixo-medieval e moderna. Os indivíduos sepultados foram analisados, quer na sua paleobiologia, quer no seu contexto arqueológico. Após estudo dos sepulcros individualmente, as disposições espaciais das sepulturas enquadradas num espaço funerário eclesiástico e urbano foram também alvo de investigação, de modo a colmatar a abordagem bioarqueológica à qual este estudo se propõe.
In Portugal, with the maturing of the archaeological and anthropological sciences, an approach has been explored combining these areas with other so-called exact sciences, such as Biology, Chemistry or Geology – Bioarchaeology. Using its own methodologies, it is possible to study and understand archeosites in a holistic and diachronic way. This was the approach applied to the site of the Church of São Lourenço (Mouraria, Lisbon), archaeologically intervened between the years of 1992 and 1999. The church was founded after the christianization of the Mouraria neighbourhood over Muslim pre-existences at the site. This place of worship was used from the 13th to the 19th centuries. Forty six graves were identified of which seven were collected for laboratory study along with various artifacts. The study focused on Late-Medieval and Early Modern periods. The buried individuals were analysed in their paleobiology and archaeological context. After studying the tombs individually, their spacial dispositions framed in an ecclesiastical and urban funerary space were also investigated, according to the Bioarchaeology approach this study proposes.
In Portugal, with the maturing of the archaeological and anthropological sciences, an approach has been explored combining these areas with other so-called exact sciences, such as Biology, Chemistry or Geology – Bioarchaeology. Using its own methodologies, it is possible to study and understand archeosites in a holistic and diachronic way. This was the approach applied to the site of the Church of São Lourenço (Mouraria, Lisbon), archaeologically intervened between the years of 1992 and 1999. The church was founded after the christianization of the Mouraria neighbourhood over Muslim pre-existences at the site. This place of worship was used from the 13th to the 19th centuries. Forty six graves were identified of which seven were collected for laboratory study along with various artifacts. The study focused on Late-Medieval and Early Modern periods. The buried individuals were analysed in their paleobiology and archaeological context. After studying the tombs individually, their spacial dispositions framed in an ecclesiastical and urban funerary space were also investigated, according to the Bioarchaeology approach this study proposes.
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Palavras-chave
Lisboa Idade Moderna Arqueologia funerária Bioarqueologia Mouraria Necrópole