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Desportos de natureza e espaços naturais: análise espacial do Trail Running em Portugal
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As áreas naturais e, particularmente, as Áreas Protegidas já não se relacionam com o Homem apenas como locais de proteção e conservação da natureza. Cada vez mais, assumem uma multifuncionalidade característica, na qual os desportos de natureza ganham destaque. O presente estudo tem como foco uma das modalidades mais recentes, o Trail Running, cuja comunidade tem vindo a crescer em Portugal. Este crescimento reflete-se não só no aumento significativo do número de praticantes como dos eventos que foram organizados no território nacional, em 2018. Esta modalidade desportiva não é atualmente reconhecida em nenhum documento oficial sobre a temática. A par do Trail Running, as várias atividades desportivas ao ar livre têm vindo a ser desvalorizadas em âmbito da gestão do território, o que é evidente na legislação nacional que, por exemplo, negligenciou as Cartas de Desporto de Natureza. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar e analisar espacialmente o Trail Running em Portugal e a sobreposição a Áreas Protegidas, Sítios de Interesse Comunitário, Zonas de Proteção Especial e Sítios RAMSAR, contribuindo ativamente para uma gestão integrada deste e de outros desportos de natureza na gestão dos territórios. Os casos do Parque Natural de Sintra-Cascais e da Serra da Estrela foram utilizados como forma de compreensão das diferenças na relação do Trail Running com as especificidades locais de cada Área Protegida. Foram realizados inquéritos a mais de 500 praticantes de modo a analisar o perfil dos trail runners e a sua relação com as provas existentes. A análise espacial foi conseguida pelo recurso a ferramentas dos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, que permitiram a criação de novos dados geográficos e a caracterização da modalidade. Os resultados obtidos permitem verificar que o Trail Running é, nos dias de hoje, uma modalidade consolidada que ainda se encontra em crescimento em Portugal, apesar da escassa existência de estudos e de reconhecimento das entidades gestoras das áreas naturais.
Natural areas, and particularly Protected Areas, are no longer only related to humans as places for protection and conservation of nature. Increasingly, they assume a characteristic multifunctionality where nature sports are highlighted. The present study focuses on one of the most recent sports, the Trail Running, whose community has been growing in Portugal. This is a reflect of not only the significant increase in the number of participants but also of the number of events that where organized in Portugal during 2018. Nonetheless, this sport isn’t recognized in any official document on this matter. Along with Trail Running, the various outdoor sport activities have been devalued in territorial management, which is evident on national legislation that, for instance, neglected “Cartas de Desporto de Natureza”. The main goal of this study was to characterize and spatially analyze Trail Running in Portugal and overlap it with Protected Areas, Sites of Community Importance, Special Protection Areas and RAMSAR Sites, actively contributing to the integrated management of this and other nature sports in territorial management. The examples of Sintra-Cascais and Serra da Estrela Natural Parks were used to understand the differences in the relationship between Trail Running and the local specificities of each Protected Area. Surveys were applied for over 500 participants to analyze the profile of trail runners and their relationship to existing races. Spatial analysis was achieved through Geographic Information Systems tools, which allowed the creation of new geographic data and the characterization of Trail Running. The results show that Trail Running is nowadays a consolidated nature sport that is still growing in Portugal despite the lack of studies and recognition of the management entities of the natural areas.
Natural areas, and particularly Protected Areas, are no longer only related to humans as places for protection and conservation of nature. Increasingly, they assume a characteristic multifunctionality where nature sports are highlighted. The present study focuses on one of the most recent sports, the Trail Running, whose community has been growing in Portugal. This is a reflect of not only the significant increase in the number of participants but also of the number of events that where organized in Portugal during 2018. Nonetheless, this sport isn’t recognized in any official document on this matter. Along with Trail Running, the various outdoor sport activities have been devalued in territorial management, which is evident on national legislation that, for instance, neglected “Cartas de Desporto de Natureza”. The main goal of this study was to characterize and spatially analyze Trail Running in Portugal and overlap it with Protected Areas, Sites of Community Importance, Special Protection Areas and RAMSAR Sites, actively contributing to the integrated management of this and other nature sports in territorial management. The examples of Sintra-Cascais and Serra da Estrela Natural Parks were used to understand the differences in the relationship between Trail Running and the local specificities of each Protected Area. Surveys were applied for over 500 participants to analyze the profile of trail runners and their relationship to existing races. Spatial analysis was achieved through Geographic Information Systems tools, which allowed the creation of new geographic data and the characterization of Trail Running. The results show that Trail Running is nowadays a consolidated nature sport that is still growing in Portugal despite the lack of studies and recognition of the management entities of the natural areas.
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Palavras-chave
Áreas Protegidas Desportos de natureza Trail Running Sistemas de Informação Geográfica Gestão do Território Nature Sports Protected Areas Trail Running Geographic Information Systems Territorial Management