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Valorisation of Cannabis sativa L. residues through supercritical CO2 extraction with potential therapeutic application for the colon cancer treatment
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The Cannabis plant is characterized by a vast phytochemical complex counting more than five hundred compounds with a broad field of applications. The inflorescences and leaves are highly rich in biological active molecules like cannabinoids, terpenes and phenols leading their application to the pharmaceutical industry. Cannabis seeds are a source of nutriments containing important quantities of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as alfa-linolenic (ω3) and linoleic acid (ω6) considered optimal for human nutrition.
This thesis project evaluates the potential of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds and inflorescences residues obtained from the threshing field operation for the development of added value extracts through supercritical fluid extraction (CO2) and conventional solvents. Furthermore, the obtained oils were tested to evaluate the therapeutic potential in the treatment of colon cancer in cell cultures. The materials were supplied from South Hemp Techno srl (Italy) and belonged to European certified varieties grown in Italy with legal levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) under the 0,2%.
The oils obtained were characterized for the cannabinoids profile (CBD, CBDA and THCA), the wax content, the total phenolic content and the fatty acid composition. Seed and inflorescence extracted oils contain high concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids and cannabinoids, mainly cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid.
In order to evaluate the effective capacity of Cannabis sativa L. extracts to inhibit the growth or promote the death of adenocarcinoma cancer cells without damaging heathy tissues, it was evaluated the cytotoxic effect on normal epithelial cells (Caco-2) and on colorectal cancer cells (HT29). Caco-2 cell line was tested at stational growth phase on a 2D confluent monolayer simulating the enterocytes present in the small intestine, while HT29 cell line was tested during exponential growth phase on a 2D monolayer simulating the proliferation of the human colorectal adenocarcinoma. Finally, it was studied the effect of Cannabis sativa L. extracts on the mitochondrial integrity of both cell line cultures.
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Cannabis sativa L. Hemp Residues Supercritical CO2 Extraction Cannabinoids Colon Cancer Treatment