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«Leben? Oder Theater?»: Experiência Estética, Arte e Vida na obra de Charlotte Salomon
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Resumo(s)
O presente estudo procura analisar a vasta e complexa obra interdisciplinar Leben? Oder Theater? – em português, Vida? Ou Teatro? –, criada entre 1940 e 1942 no sul de França pela artista alemã Charlotte Salomon (Berlim, 1917 – Auschwitz, 1943) enquanto se encontrava refugiada em Nice para tentar escapar à perseguição nazi. A sua principal obra é composta por 769 páginas desenhadas que juntam guache e texto, e às quais acresce, por um lado, uma componente musical que se mostra indispensável como meio de criar significado dentro da obra, e, por outro lado, mais de 200 folhas translúcidas que se sobrepõem aos desenhos e que constituem um elemento original e único desta obra artística. A investigação que se realizou procurou, então, num primeiro momento, destacar traços distintivos que fazem desta obra um objeto original e misterioso, com destaque para aqueles traços já enunciados e também para outros pontos a ter em conta, a saber, a apresentação da obra como Singspiel e o enquadramento desta obra no seu tempo, nomeadamente, a sua afinidade com obras de outros artistas do final do séc. XIX e do início do séc. XX. A este respeito, e num segundo momento, tomou-se a obra de Edvard Munch, e, em particular, alguns trabalhos do pintor norueguês que permitem explorar o vasto tema da melancolia na iconografia ocidental numa comparação com o desenho final de Leben? Oder Theater?
Por fim, o terceiro momento da dissertação pretende propor uma interpretação do sentido último da obra, tendo em consideração e como exemplo a representação e descrição da melancolia em vários momentos da obra e procurando pensar Leben? Oder Theater? como autobiografia sem, no entanto, deixar que a biografia se sobreponha à dimensão ficcional e artística da obra em apreço. Para tal, foram convocados os contributos de vários autores que se mostraram significativos
neste contexto, como de Thomas Mathien, Maurice Blanchot, Philippe Lejeune, Julia Watson, Griselda Pollock e do artista russo-americano Ilya Kabakov.
The present study seeks to analyze the vast and complex interdisciplinary work Leben? Oder Theater? – in english, Life? Or Theatre? – created between 1940 and 1942 in the south of France by the German artist Charlotte Salomon (Berlin, 1917 - Auschwitz, 1943) while she was taking refuge in Nice to try to escape Nazi persecution. Her main work consists of 769 drawn pages that combine gouache and text, and, in addition, on the one hand, a musical component that is indispensable as a way of creating meaning within the work, and, on the other hand, more than 200 translucent sheets which were placed over the drawings and constitute an original and unique element of this artwork. The research that was carried out then sought, at first, to highlight distinctive features that make this an original and mysterious artistic object, focusing on those already stated and also on two others, particularly the presentation of the work as a Singspiel and the framing of this work in its time, namely its affinity with works of other artists of the late 19th century and early 20th century. In this regard, and in a second moment, we looked at the work of Edvard Munch and, in particular, at some works by the Norwegian painter that allow us to explore the vast theme of melancholy in Western iconography and compared them with Leben? Oder Theater?’s final drawing. Finally, the third moment of the dissertation intends to propose an interpretation of the ultimate meaning of the artwork as a whole, taking into consideration the representation and description of melancholy in various moments of the work, and thinking about Leben? Oder Theater? as an autobiography without, however, allowing the biography of the artist to superpose the fictional and artistic dimension of the work under analysis. In order to do this, several authors’ contributions were requisite, such as the ideas of Thomas Mathien, Maurice Blanchot, Philippe Lejeune, Julia Watson, Griselda Pollock and the Russian-American artist Ilya Kabakov.
The present study seeks to analyze the vast and complex interdisciplinary work Leben? Oder Theater? – in english, Life? Or Theatre? – created between 1940 and 1942 in the south of France by the German artist Charlotte Salomon (Berlin, 1917 - Auschwitz, 1943) while she was taking refuge in Nice to try to escape Nazi persecution. Her main work consists of 769 drawn pages that combine gouache and text, and, in addition, on the one hand, a musical component that is indispensable as a way of creating meaning within the work, and, on the other hand, more than 200 translucent sheets which were placed over the drawings and constitute an original and unique element of this artwork. The research that was carried out then sought, at first, to highlight distinctive features that make this an original and mysterious artistic object, focusing on those already stated and also on two others, particularly the presentation of the work as a Singspiel and the framing of this work in its time, namely its affinity with works of other artists of the late 19th century and early 20th century. In this regard, and in a second moment, we looked at the work of Edvard Munch and, in particular, at some works by the Norwegian painter that allow us to explore the vast theme of melancholy in Western iconography and compared them with Leben? Oder Theater?’s final drawing. Finally, the third moment of the dissertation intends to propose an interpretation of the ultimate meaning of the artwork as a whole, taking into consideration the representation and description of melancholy in various moments of the work, and thinking about Leben? Oder Theater? as an autobiography without, however, allowing the biography of the artist to superpose the fictional and artistic dimension of the work under analysis. In order to do this, several authors’ contributions were requisite, such as the ideas of Thomas Mathien, Maurice Blanchot, Philippe Lejeune, Julia Watson, Griselda Pollock and the Russian-American artist Ilya Kabakov.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Interdisciplinaridade Melancolia Ficção Autobiografia Desenho Singspiel Expressionismo autobiography, fiction, melancholy, interdisciplinarity, drawing, Singspiel, expressionism. Fiction Melancholy Interdisciplinarity Drawing Expressionism