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Saúde, competência cultural e imigração: estudo de caso da unidade de saúde familiar (USF) da Baixa. Projeto de aproximação das necessidades em saúde dos imigrantes em Portugal
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Sabe-se que o fenômeno imigratório se firma, cada vez mais, como uma realidade em Portugal.
Com isto, diversos são os desafios para lidar com as mudanças e as diferentes necessidades as
quais este fenômeno impõe. No campo da saúde, são profusos os estudos dentro das Ciências
Sociais e Humanas que verificam a carência de serviços de saúde que vão na direção de um
cuidado mais consciente dos diversos contextos e problemáticas que envolvem o deslocamento.
Neste sentido, a competência cultural em saúde parece ser uma saída possível para a produção
do cuidado, pois vai na contramão dos extremos que, ou desconsidera as diferenças culturais e
as possíveis vulnerabilidades impostas na condição de imigração (cultureblind). Ou ignora as
experiências individuais de cada sujeito na sua trajetória migratória e criam respostas que
patologizam e acirram ainda mais os abismos existentes entre ‘nós’ versus ‘eles’.
A Unidade de Saúde Familiar da Baixa serve, portanto, como estudo de caso, pois está situada
em um território cuja principal característica é a presença de imigrantes de diversas partes do
mundo. Construiu-se uma narrativa midiática em torno desta Unidade como uma boa prática
em saúde, principalmente, no que diz respeito às necessidades dos utentes imigrantes aos quais
faz assistência. Sob a luz teórica e das reflexões do conceito de competência cultural, Cuidados
de Saúde Primário e das principais problemáticas em saúde que afetam a população imigrante,
o presente trabalho pretende investigar as estratégias criadas pela Unidade de Saúde Familiar
da Baixa a partir do olhar de interface entre utente imigrante e profissional de saúde.
It is known that the immigration phenomenon is increasing and becoming a reality in Portugal. There are several challenges to deal with the changes and the different needs that this phenomenon imposes. In the field of health, there are many studies within the Social and Human Sciences that highlight the weaknesses of health services that are taking into account the various contexts and issues surrounding the migratory phenomenon. In this sense, cultural competence in health seems to be a possible way out for the production of care, as it goes against the extremes. They tend to disregard cultural differences and possible vulnerabilities imposed on the condition of immigration (cultureblind). Another extreme view is to ignore the individual experiences of each person in their migratory trajectory and creates responses that pathologize and further widen the gaps between 'us' versus 'them'. Therefore, the Unidade de Saúde Familiar da Baixa (Family Health Center) serves as a case study, as it is located in a territory characterised by the presence of immigrants from different parts of the world. A media narrative was built around this Unit as a good health practice, especially regarding the needs of immigrant users that it assists. Under the theoretical subject and the reflections of the concept of a) Cultural Competence in health, b) Primary Health Care and c) the main health problems that affect the immigrant population, the present dissertation aims to investigate the strategies created by the Unidade de Saúde Familiar da Baixa, based on the interface between immigrant client and health professional.
It is known that the immigration phenomenon is increasing and becoming a reality in Portugal. There are several challenges to deal with the changes and the different needs that this phenomenon imposes. In the field of health, there are many studies within the Social and Human Sciences that highlight the weaknesses of health services that are taking into account the various contexts and issues surrounding the migratory phenomenon. In this sense, cultural competence in health seems to be a possible way out for the production of care, as it goes against the extremes. They tend to disregard cultural differences and possible vulnerabilities imposed on the condition of immigration (cultureblind). Another extreme view is to ignore the individual experiences of each person in their migratory trajectory and creates responses that pathologize and further widen the gaps between 'us' versus 'them'. Therefore, the Unidade de Saúde Familiar da Baixa (Family Health Center) serves as a case study, as it is located in a territory characterised by the presence of immigrants from different parts of the world. A media narrative was built around this Unit as a good health practice, especially regarding the needs of immigrant users that it assists. Under the theoretical subject and the reflections of the concept of a) Cultural Competence in health, b) Primary Health Care and c) the main health problems that affect the immigrant population, the present dissertation aims to investigate the strategies created by the Unidade de Saúde Familiar da Baixa, based on the interface between immigrant client and health professional.
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Saúde Portugal Imigração Competência cultural Saúde pública Cultural competence Health Immigration Public health