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Redescobrir o Passado de The Beauty and the Beast: a tradução enquanto forma de preservação literária
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O presente Trabalho de Projeto tem como principal objetivo chamar a atenção do meio académico português, e desejavelmente também do editorial, para a necessidade de preservar os contos de fadas que fazem parte do imaginário coletivo ocidental na sua forma “original”, nomeadamente por via da tradução. O contínuo processo de adaptação dos mesmos ao longo dos tempos tem implicado maiores ou menores afastamentos em relação às suas primeiras versões escritas, acontecendo, muitas vezes, que tais histórias se tenham tornado populares nas suas formas adaptadas e não na sua primeira formulação literária.
É precisamente esse o caso do famoso conto A Bela e o Monstro, que elegemos para objeto de estudo. La Belle et la Bête, da autoria de Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve (1695-1755), foi publicado em 1740, seguindo-se, em 1756, uma adaptação por Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont (1711-1780), com o mesmo título, que se tornaria muito mais popular e relegaria a primeira versão de Villeneuve para a obscuridade. As adaptações cinematográficas realizadas pela Walt Disney Pictures em 1991 e 2017, por seu turno, difundiram a história em larga escala, adaptando-a a novos contextos históricos e ideológicos – e afastando-a, consequentemente, da narrativa inicial de Villeneuve.
Este Trabalho de Projeto divide-se em duas partes. Na primeira, contextualizamos o género conto de fadas e fazemos uma análise das transformações que o conto de Villeneuve sofreu nas adaptações de Beaumont e da indústria Disney. Na segunda, apresentamos uma proposta de tradução (indireta, recorrendo à tradução inglesa de J.R. Planché, datada de 1858) de dois capítulos criteriosamente selecionados do conto de Villeneuve, até hoje não traduzido para português europeu, seguida de uma reflexão sobre os principais problemas de tradução enfrentados. Pretendemos, assim, colmatar uma lacuna no sistema literário português e justificar o interesse em dar a conhecer a primeira versão literária de A Bela e o Monstro aos leitores portugueses, tornando-os conscientes das diferenças significativas que a separam das suas adaptações mais relevantes.
The main purpose of this Project Work is to draw the attention of the Portuguese academic community, and desirably also of the publishing sector, to the need to preserve fairy tales that are part of the Western collective imagination in their "original" form, namely via translation. The continuous process of adapting them over time has led to greater or lesser departures from their earlier written versions, and these stories have often become popular in their adapted forms and not in their first literary formulation. This is precisely the case of the famous fairy tale Beauty and the Beast, chosen for the purpose of the present study. La Belle et la Bête, by Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve (1695-1755), was published in 1740, followed in 1756 by a homonymous adaptation by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont (1711-1780) that would become much more popular and would relegate Villeneuve’s first version to obscurity. The film adaptations made by Walt Disney Pictures in 1991 and 2017, in turn, spread the story on a large scale, adapting it to new historical and ideological contexts — and consequently moving it away from Villeneuve’s initial narrative. This Project Work is divided into two parts. In the first, the fairy tale genre is contextualized and an analysis of the transformations suffered by Villeneuve’s story in Beaumont’s and the Disney industry’s adaptations is made. In the second, a translation (an indirect translation, using the English translation of J.R. Planché, dated from 1858, as the source text) of two carefully selected chapters of Villeneuve’s fairy tale, as yet never translated into European Portuguese, is presented, followed by a reflection on the main translation problems faced during the process. The purpose is to fill a gap in the Portuguese literary system and justify the interest in acquainting Portuguese readers with the first literary version of Beauty and the Beast, making them aware of the significant differences that separate it from its most relevant adaptations.
The main purpose of this Project Work is to draw the attention of the Portuguese academic community, and desirably also of the publishing sector, to the need to preserve fairy tales that are part of the Western collective imagination in their "original" form, namely via translation. The continuous process of adapting them over time has led to greater or lesser departures from their earlier written versions, and these stories have often become popular in their adapted forms and not in their first literary formulation. This is precisely the case of the famous fairy tale Beauty and the Beast, chosen for the purpose of the present study. La Belle et la Bête, by Gabrielle-Suzanne Barbot de Villeneuve (1695-1755), was published in 1740, followed in 1756 by a homonymous adaptation by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont (1711-1780) that would become much more popular and would relegate Villeneuve’s first version to obscurity. The film adaptations made by Walt Disney Pictures in 1991 and 2017, in turn, spread the story on a large scale, adapting it to new historical and ideological contexts — and consequently moving it away from Villeneuve’s initial narrative. This Project Work is divided into two parts. In the first, the fairy tale genre is contextualized and an analysis of the transformations suffered by Villeneuve’s story in Beaumont’s and the Disney industry’s adaptations is made. In the second, a translation (an indirect translation, using the English translation of J.R. Planché, dated from 1858, as the source text) of two carefully selected chapters of Villeneuve’s fairy tale, as yet never translated into European Portuguese, is presented, followed by a reflection on the main translation problems faced during the process. The purpose is to fill a gap in the Portuguese literary system and justify the interest in acquainting Portuguese readers with the first literary version of Beauty and the Beast, making them aware of the significant differences that separate it from its most relevant adaptations.
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A Bela e o Monstro Villeneuve Beaumont Walt Disney Pictures Conto de fadas Preservação literária Adaptação literária Adaptação cinematográfica Tradução intersemiótica Tradução indireta Beauty and the Beast Fairy tale Literary preservation Literary adaptation Screen adaptation Intersemiotic translation Indirect translation