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O percurso ideológico de D. António Alves Martins: do Cabralismo à Janeirinha (1842-1868)
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D. António Alves Martins foi um bispo e político português do século XIX. Ao mesmo tempo que progredia na vida eclesiástica (frade da Ordem Terceira em 1825, ascendeu a Bispo de Viseu em 1862), Alves Martins empenhou-se na carreira política. Deputado várias vezes entre 1842 e 1864, foi Par entre 1864 e 1882 e Ministro do Reino três vezes entre 1868 e 1871. Fundou três partidos: o Partido de Viseu (1865), de carácter local; o Partido Reformista (1870), que agregava os apoiantes do seu governo; e o Partido Progressista (1876), uma fusão do anterior com o Partido Histórico. Esta dissertação tem como fim definir a ideologia política de Alves Martins, tendo em conta a sua leitura da realidade e o seu programa para o País, no contexto do século XIX português. Tendo apoiado a Carta Constitucional de 1826 durante muitos anos, defendeu a sua revisão para adaptação às mudanças sociais que entretanto ocorriam. Essa orientação explica a sua oposição ao radicalismo do Partido Cabralista a partir de 1842. Em 1851, aderiu à Regeneração e nos anos seguintes procurou proteger esse acordo entre partidos, inclusivamente pela sua actualização, dado que as suas ideias, moderadas mas progressistas, contemplavam a evolução social. Em economia, defendia amplas liberdades individuais e, dada a escassez de dinheiros públicos, investimentos públicos cuidadosamente escolhidos em finanças. Defendeu a separação de jurisdições da Igreja e do Estado e opôs-se ao poder temporal do Papa, o que, dada a sua personalidade algo áspera, lhe valeu a imagem de revolucionário, a admiração de progressistas e republicanos e a aversão de sectores conservadores e reaccionários. Porém, permaneceu um católico ortodoxo e respeitou os dogmas e o poder espiritual da Igreja, tendo defendido o regresso das Ordens Religiosas a Portugal. A crise financeira de 1868 colocou-o no governo, mas o seu programa (e o do seu Partido Reformista), conquanto progressista e ambicioso, ficou limitado às medidas urgentes
D. António Alves Martins was a portuguese bishop and politician of the XIX century. As he progressed in his ecclesiastical vocation (he was friar of the Ordem Terceira in 1825 and ended as Bishop of Viseu), he engaged in a political career. Several times a member of the House of Deputies, between 1842-1864, he was a Peer between 1864-1882 and Realm Minister three times between 1868-1871. He founded three parties: the Partido de Viseu (1865), a local party; the Partido Reformista (1870), which joined together the supporters of his government; and the Partido Progressista (1876), which merged the latter with the Partido Histórico. This dissertation aims at defining the political ideology of Alves Martins in the context of nineteenth century Portugal, bearing in mind his interpretation of reality and his programme for the country. Having supported the 1826 Constitutional Charter for several years, he advocated a constitutional reform to meet the social changes that occurred in the meantime, which explains his opposition to the radicalism of the Partido Cabralista from 1842. In 1851, he joined the Regeneração and for the next years tried to shield the agreement established between the parties at the time, including by bringing it up to date, as his ideas, which were moderate but progressive, bore in mind social evolution. He favoured wide economic freedom for individuals and carefully chosen public expenditure, given the lack of public funding. He advocated jurisdictional separation between the Church and the State and opposed the temporal power of the Pope, which, given his somewhat harsh personality, earned him a revolutionary image, the praisal by progressive and republican personalities and rejection of conservative and reactionary sectors. He remained an orthodox catholic nonetheless and complied with the dogmas and the spiritual power of the Church, having supported the return of the religious orders to Portugal. The 1868 finantial crisis led him to the government, but his programme (and also his party’s), although progressive and ambitious, was limited to urgent measures.
D. António Alves Martins was a portuguese bishop and politician of the XIX century. As he progressed in his ecclesiastical vocation (he was friar of the Ordem Terceira in 1825 and ended as Bishop of Viseu), he engaged in a political career. Several times a member of the House of Deputies, between 1842-1864, he was a Peer between 1864-1882 and Realm Minister three times between 1868-1871. He founded three parties: the Partido de Viseu (1865), a local party; the Partido Reformista (1870), which joined together the supporters of his government; and the Partido Progressista (1876), which merged the latter with the Partido Histórico. This dissertation aims at defining the political ideology of Alves Martins in the context of nineteenth century Portugal, bearing in mind his interpretation of reality and his programme for the country. Having supported the 1826 Constitutional Charter for several years, he advocated a constitutional reform to meet the social changes that occurred in the meantime, which explains his opposition to the radicalism of the Partido Cabralista from 1842. In 1851, he joined the Regeneração and for the next years tried to shield the agreement established between the parties at the time, including by bringing it up to date, as his ideas, which were moderate but progressive, bore in mind social evolution. He favoured wide economic freedom for individuals and carefully chosen public expenditure, given the lack of public funding. He advocated jurisdictional separation between the Church and the State and opposed the temporal power of the Pope, which, given his somewhat harsh personality, earned him a revolutionary image, the praisal by progressive and republican personalities and rejection of conservative and reactionary sectors. He remained an orthodox catholic nonetheless and complied with the dogmas and the spiritual power of the Church, having supported the return of the religious orders to Portugal. The 1868 finantial crisis led him to the government, but his programme (and also his party’s), although progressive and ambitious, was limited to urgent measures.
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Portugal Ideologia D. António Alves Martins Liberalismo Igreja Cabralismo Regeneração Partido Histórico Partido Reformista Ideology Liberalism Church