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MULHERES, MÁQUINAS E MONSTROS - O Lugar do Outro na Ficção Científica
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Esta dissertação discute as relações de alteridade presentes na literatura de ficção científica. Isto é
feito a partir de dois eixos fundamentais para o género: as representações da mulher e do universo
feminino, assim como suas relações com a tecnologia e entrelaçamentos com a máquina. Apesar de
historicamente excluídas do pensamento científico, considerado um território de domínio
masculino, as mulheres desde cedo protagonizaram o imaginário tecnológico – seja no
desenvolvimento de uma relação íntima com essas inovações, a partir da industrialização dos lares,
seja na criação de obras ficcionais que expressem, imaginativamente, a experiência feminina diante
das novas ciências e tecnologias. Neste trabalho, é promovida uma articulação entre esses dois
campos – o “real” e o imaginativo – a partir de três narrativas, representativas de períodos distintos
na história da ficção científica norte-americana: “No Woman Born” (1944), de C. L. Moore, “The
Girl Who Was Plugged In” (1973), de James Tiptree Jr., e “Bloodchild” (1984), de Octavia Butler.
As obras têm em comum o facto de serem escritas por mulheres, com temáticas e personagens
femininas. Elas possuem, portanto, uma dupla alteridade: ser mulher em um campo
tradicionalmente associado ao género masculino, e a introdução de temáticas próprias ao universo
feminino em uma grande narrativa – a História (oficial) da Ciência – também tradicionalmente
protagonizada pelos homens. Amparada pelas reflexões de Richard Kearney acerca da alteridade, e
do diálogo estabelecido com pensadores como Julia Kristeva, Paul Ricoeur e Jacques Derrida, entre
outros – assim como por autores ligados aos (Feminist) Science Fiction Studies – a perspectiva
fundamental deste trabalho é perceber como essas narrativas podem ser vistas como um retrato
sócio-cultural de uma época, assim como refletem os papéis exercidos pelas mulheres na vida
dessas sociedades. Dessa forma, considera-se que as obras de ficção científica feminina – e mais
tarde feminista – inserem também as mulheres na história e no futuro das ciências e tecnologias.
This dissertation discusses the relations of alterity present in the literature of science fiction. This is done from two fundamental axes for the genre: the representations of the woman and the feminine universe, as well as its relations with the technology and interweaving with the machine. Although historically excluded from scientific thinking, considered a territory of male dominance, women at an early stage played an important role in the technological imaginary – whether in the development of an intimate relationship with these innovations, through the industrialization of homes, or in the creation of fictional works expressing imaginatively the feminine experience in the face of the new sciences and technologies. In this work, an articulation between these two fields – the “real” and the imaginative – is promoted out of three narratives, representative of distinct periods in the history of American science fiction: “No Woman Born” (1944) by CL Moore, “The Girl Who Was Plugged In” (1973) by James Tiptree Jr., and “Bloodchild” (1984) by Octavia Butler. These works have in common the fact that they are written by women, with feminine themes and characters. They have, therefore, a double alterity: to be a woman in a field traditionally associated with the masculine gender, and the introduction of specific feminine themes in a great narrative – the (official) History of Science – also traditionally carried out by men. Supported by Richard Kearney’s reflections on alterity, and the dialogue established with thinkers such as Julia Kristeva, Paul Ricoeur and Jacques Derrida, among others – as well as by authors related to (Feminist) Science Fiction Studies – the fundamental perspective of this work is to perceive how these narratives can be seen as a socio-cultural picture of an era, just as they reflect the roles played by women in these societies. In this way, it is considered that the works of female – and later feminist – science fiction writers also include women in the history and future of science and technology.
This dissertation discusses the relations of alterity present in the literature of science fiction. This is done from two fundamental axes for the genre: the representations of the woman and the feminine universe, as well as its relations with the technology and interweaving with the machine. Although historically excluded from scientific thinking, considered a territory of male dominance, women at an early stage played an important role in the technological imaginary – whether in the development of an intimate relationship with these innovations, through the industrialization of homes, or in the creation of fictional works expressing imaginatively the feminine experience in the face of the new sciences and technologies. In this work, an articulation between these two fields – the “real” and the imaginative – is promoted out of three narratives, representative of distinct periods in the history of American science fiction: “No Woman Born” (1944) by CL Moore, “The Girl Who Was Plugged In” (1973) by James Tiptree Jr., and “Bloodchild” (1984) by Octavia Butler. These works have in common the fact that they are written by women, with feminine themes and characters. They have, therefore, a double alterity: to be a woman in a field traditionally associated with the masculine gender, and the introduction of specific feminine themes in a great narrative – the (official) History of Science – also traditionally carried out by men. Supported by Richard Kearney’s reflections on alterity, and the dialogue established with thinkers such as Julia Kristeva, Paul Ricoeur and Jacques Derrida, among others – as well as by authors related to (Feminist) Science Fiction Studies – the fundamental perspective of this work is to perceive how these narratives can be seen as a socio-cultural picture of an era, just as they reflect the roles played by women in these societies. In this way, it is considered that the works of female – and later feminist – science fiction writers also include women in the history and future of science and technology.
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Palavras-chave
Ficção Científica Mulheres Feminismo Alteridade Corpo Alien Cyborg Science Fiction Women Feminism, Alterity Body Alien Cyborg