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Crenças e expectativas dos médicos sobre a acupunctura médica
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Introdução: A acupunctura médica consiste numa terapia durante a qual são inseridas agulhas em pontos específicos do corpo, de forma semelhante à acupunctura segundo a Medicina Tradicional Chinesa, mas que pressupõe um diagnóstico médico em que são seguidos princípios de anatomia e fisiologia. A sua prática tem-se disseminado através da Europa inclusive em Portugal, onde foi reconhecida pela Ordem dos Médicos como uma competência médica. Actualmente é aplicada em instituições de saúde públicas e privadas e lecionada em algumas faculdades de Medicina. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre as
crenças e expectativas dos médicos em Portugal relativamente à acupunctura médica.
Objectivos: Caracterizar algumas das crenças dos médicos relativamente à efectividade, validade e relevância da formação e prática da Acupunctura Médica e alguns factores sociodemográficos e profissionais que lhes estão associados.
Material e Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo, foi aplicado um questionário de perguntas de resposta fechada, utilizando a ferramenta Google Forms, que foi disponibilizado online entre 8 de Janeiro e 13 de Fevereiro de 2018. Foi feito um convite aos médicos para o seu preenchimento através de redes sociais e sites de grupos
ligados aos médicos. As variáveis independentes foram a nacionalidade, género, idade, local e data de licenciatura/mestrado integrado, situação profissional, especialidade e sector de exercício profissional. As variáveis dependentes foram 6 questões sobre níveis
de concordância com recurso à escala de Likert de 5 parâmetros. Os dados foram analisados usando contagens, frequências relativas, medianas e amplitude interquartílica.
Resultados: Dos 387 médicos que responderam ao questionário, todos tinham nacionalidade portuguesa e 70,1% eram do sexo feminino, 52,1% tinham entre 31 a 40 anos e 23,9% tinham 30 ou menos anos. A instituição de licenciatura predominante foi a Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (26,9%). Tinham, em
média, terminado o curso há 12,6 anos. A grande maioria eram especialistas, sendo a especialidade predominante a Medicina Geral e Familiar (61,9%), seguida da de Medicina Interna (6,2%). A maioria trabalhava exclusivamente para o SNS (66,4%).
De uma maneira geral, os participantes do estudo concordavam que a Acupunctura Médica pode ser uma terapêutica eficaz no controle de diversas patologias isolada ou de forma complementar com outras terapêuticas convencionais. Recomendariam a um doente/amigo/conhecido a utilização de Acupunctura Médica para controle de
determinados sintomas/patologias. Concordavam com a lecionação da Acupunctura Médica nas faculdades de medicina e consideravam que a Acupunctura Médica tem interesse terapêutico e validade científica que sustenta a sua eficácia e que poderia ser ser usada como terapêutica complementar em estabelecimentos de saúde do SNS e nos estabelecimentos de saúde privados.
Conclusões: Para os participantes do estudo, a Acupuntura Médica constitui-se como uma alternativa terapêutica. No entanto, algumas variações na aceitabilidade desta terapêutica de acordo com as características sociodemográficas e profissionais dos participantes pode indicar áreas de intervenção se se pretender intervir no sentido da promoção da sua aceitabilidade.
Introduction: Medical acupuncture consists of a therapy during which needles are inserted into specific points on the body, a process similar to acupuncture according to Traditional Chinese Medicine, but it requires medical diagnosis following all the principles of anatomy and physiology. Its practice has spread through Europe, including Portugal, where it was recognized by the Order of Doctors. Medical acupuncture is applied in public and private health institutions and it is taught in some medical schools. However, little is known about the beliefs and expectations of doctors in Portugal about medical acupuncture. Aim: To describe some of beliefs of physicians in relation to the effectiveness, validity and relevance of training and practice of Medical Acupuncture, also having as reference some sociodemographic and professional factors that are associated to them. Methods: Observational, transverse and descriptive study, through a closed-ended questionnaire made available using the Google Forms tool. This questionnaire was made available online between January 8 and February 13, 2018. Through social networks and through websites of groups related to doctors, physicians were invited to fill out the questionnaire. The independent variables used were nationality, gender, age, place and date of bachelor's / integrated master's degree, professional situation, specialty and professional sector. The dependent variables took the form of 6 questions regarding agreement levels, using the 5-parameter Likert scale. Data were analyzed using counts, relative frequencies, median and interquartile range. Results: Of the 387 physicians who replied to the questionnaire, all had Portuguese nationality, 70.1% were female, 52.1% were between 31 and 40 years old and 23.9% were 30 years old or less. The predominant degree institution which they had attended, was the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Universidade Nova de Lisboa (26.9%). The average year of completion of the course was 12.6 years. The majority of the respondents were specialists, the predominant specialty being General and Family Medicine (61.9%), followed by Internal Medicine (6.2%). The majority worked exclusively for the National Health Service (66.4%). In general, the participants of the study agreed that Medical Acupuncture may be an effective therapy in the control of several pathologies alone or in a complementary way with other conventional therapies. Would recommend to a patient / friend / acquaintance the use of Medical Acupuncture to control certain symptoms / pathologies. They agreed with the teaching of Medical Acupuncture in medical schools and considered that Medical Acupuncture has a therapeutic interest and scientific validity that underpins its effectiveness and that could be used as complementary therapy in NHS health facilities and in private health facilities. Conclusions: For the participants in the study, Medical Acupuncture is a therapeutic alternative. However, some variations in the acceptability of this therapy according to the sociodemographic and professional characteristics of the participants may indicate areas of intervention if one intends to intervene in order to promote their acceptability.
Introduction: Medical acupuncture consists of a therapy during which needles are inserted into specific points on the body, a process similar to acupuncture according to Traditional Chinese Medicine, but it requires medical diagnosis following all the principles of anatomy and physiology. Its practice has spread through Europe, including Portugal, where it was recognized by the Order of Doctors. Medical acupuncture is applied in public and private health institutions and it is taught in some medical schools. However, little is known about the beliefs and expectations of doctors in Portugal about medical acupuncture. Aim: To describe some of beliefs of physicians in relation to the effectiveness, validity and relevance of training and practice of Medical Acupuncture, also having as reference some sociodemographic and professional factors that are associated to them. Methods: Observational, transverse and descriptive study, through a closed-ended questionnaire made available using the Google Forms tool. This questionnaire was made available online between January 8 and February 13, 2018. Through social networks and through websites of groups related to doctors, physicians were invited to fill out the questionnaire. The independent variables used were nationality, gender, age, place and date of bachelor's / integrated master's degree, professional situation, specialty and professional sector. The dependent variables took the form of 6 questions regarding agreement levels, using the 5-parameter Likert scale. Data were analyzed using counts, relative frequencies, median and interquartile range. Results: Of the 387 physicians who replied to the questionnaire, all had Portuguese nationality, 70.1% were female, 52.1% were between 31 and 40 years old and 23.9% were 30 years old or less. The predominant degree institution which they had attended, was the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Universidade Nova de Lisboa (26.9%). The average year of completion of the course was 12.6 years. The majority of the respondents were specialists, the predominant specialty being General and Family Medicine (61.9%), followed by Internal Medicine (6.2%). The majority worked exclusively for the National Health Service (66.4%). In general, the participants of the study agreed that Medical Acupuncture may be an effective therapy in the control of several pathologies alone or in a complementary way with other conventional therapies. Would recommend to a patient / friend / acquaintance the use of Medical Acupuncture to control certain symptoms / pathologies. They agreed with the teaching of Medical Acupuncture in medical schools and considered that Medical Acupuncture has a therapeutic interest and scientific validity that underpins its effectiveness and that could be used as complementary therapy in NHS health facilities and in private health facilities. Conclusions: For the participants in the study, Medical Acupuncture is a therapeutic alternative. However, some variations in the acceptability of this therapy according to the sociodemographic and professional characteristics of the participants may indicate areas of intervention if one intends to intervene in order to promote their acceptability.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Saúde pública Acupuntura médica Terapia Anatomia Fisiologia Doente Controlo Terapêutica Crenças Expectativas
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical