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Consumo de cerâmicas finas e suas imitações, vidros e ânforas no sítio romano na Quinta do Ervedal (Castelo Novo, Fundão) - análise tipológica e estratigráfica
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As intervenções arqueológicas no sítio da Quinta do Ervedal (Castelo Novo,
Fundão) revelaram várias estruturas, de cronologia romana, distribuídas por 3 sectores de
escavação, onde se destacam dois grandes complexos termais, distando cerca de 50
metros um do outro. Não é consensual a tipologia de ocupação do local: deverá
corresponder pelo menos a uma villa não estando, no entanto, descartada a hipótese de se
tratar de um aglomerado secundário, do tipo vicus, tendo por base a vasta área de
dispersão de materiais à superfície, de cerca de 10 hectares.
O espólio exumado nas campanhas arqueológicas de 2007 a 2016, nomeadamente
terra sigillata e suas imitações, paredes finas, lucernas, ânforas, e vidros, provêm de
vários pontos do Mundo Romano e cujas cronologias de produção inserem-se, grosso
modo, entre a 1ª metade do século I d.C. e meados do século V d.C., comprovando a
integração do sítio na multitude de rotas comerciais patentes na Península Ibérica.
Os objectivos da presente Dissertação passam por realizar a quantificação
tipológica do espólio presente em estratigrafia, para a aferição de volumes de importação;
analisar globalmente o conjunto, procurando compreender a evolução do comércio ao
longo da ocupação do sítio; e por fim, comparar estes dados com outros locais no interior
da Lusitania, procurando obter informações sobre os padrões de consumo nesta região e
as rotas comerciais que a abasteciam, com destaque para a denominada Via da Prata, pelo
seu possível papel preponderante no abastecimento de produtos para o sítio.
The archaeological interventions in the site of Quinta do Ervedal (Castelo Novo, Fundão), revealed numerous structures dated to the Roman period, dispersed by three Sectors, of which there is special mention to two relatively large thermal complexes, with just 50 meters between them. To this moment, there is no consensus on the type of occupation of the site; it should correspond, at the very least, to a villa, while it cannot be discarded the possibility of it being a secondary settlement, vicus, judging by the vast dispersion, c. 10 hectares, of roman materials in the surface. The materials recovered in the archaeological campaigns between 2007 and 2016, namely terra sigillata and its diversified imitations, thin walled recipients, lamps, amphorae and glass containers, are attributed to different places of the Roman Empire. The chronology of these materials can be inserted, in general terms, between the beginning of the 1st century AD and mid-5th century AD, confirming the incorporation of this site in the multiplicity of commercial routes patented in the Iberian Peninsula. The main purposes of the present Dissertation are to quantify typologically the materials recovered from well-defined stratigraphic units, defining thus the volumes of import; analyze the ceramic ensemble to understand the commercial evolution throughout the roman occupation of the site; and, finally, to compare the data obtained with data from other important roman settlements in the interior of the province of Lusitania. With this, we seek also to obtain evidence about the consumption patterns in this region and the commercial routes that supplied it with products, with focus in the so-called Via da Prata (“Silver Road”) due to its preeminent supplying role in this place.
The archaeological interventions in the site of Quinta do Ervedal (Castelo Novo, Fundão), revealed numerous structures dated to the Roman period, dispersed by three Sectors, of which there is special mention to two relatively large thermal complexes, with just 50 meters between them. To this moment, there is no consensus on the type of occupation of the site; it should correspond, at the very least, to a villa, while it cannot be discarded the possibility of it being a secondary settlement, vicus, judging by the vast dispersion, c. 10 hectares, of roman materials in the surface. The materials recovered in the archaeological campaigns between 2007 and 2016, namely terra sigillata and its diversified imitations, thin walled recipients, lamps, amphorae and glass containers, are attributed to different places of the Roman Empire. The chronology of these materials can be inserted, in general terms, between the beginning of the 1st century AD and mid-5th century AD, confirming the incorporation of this site in the multiplicity of commercial routes patented in the Iberian Peninsula. The main purposes of the present Dissertation are to quantify typologically the materials recovered from well-defined stratigraphic units, defining thus the volumes of import; analyze the ceramic ensemble to understand the commercial evolution throughout the roman occupation of the site; and, finally, to compare the data obtained with data from other important roman settlements in the interior of the province of Lusitania. With this, we seek also to obtain evidence about the consumption patterns in this region and the commercial routes that supplied it with products, with focus in the so-called Via da Prata (“Silver Road”) due to its preeminent supplying role in this place.
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Palavras-chave
Cerâmicas Fundão Castelo Novo Arqueologia Romana Lusitania Beira Interior Romanização Cerâmicas finas Ânforas Vidros Romanization Fine wares Amphorae Glassware