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A perceção e avaliação da Reserva Mundial de Surf da Ericeira: contributos para o ordenamento do território
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A zona costeira é uma das áreas mais congestionadas do planeta, não só a nível da população mas também de atividades. Assim torna-se imperativo que o Ordenamento do Território seja um tema central para um correto uso e desenvolvimento destas áreas. As atividades de recreio e lazer ligadas ao mar não fogem a esta situação, caso do surf, que com uma crescente adesão à modalidade a nível nacional e mundial, verifica-se a necessidade urgente de integrar o Ordenamento do Território e o surf, pelo seu impacto territorial. Em Outubro de 2011 a Ericeira, freguesia do Concelho de Mafra, foi reconhecida pela importância e qualidade das suas ondas à qual se veio a designar desde então como Reserva Mundial de Surf da Ericeira. É igualmente nesta altura que com mais profundidade e preocupação é abordada a necessidade de preservar as ondas nos Programas da Orla Costeira, com valorização social, económica e ambiental, com impacto a nível local e a nível nacional. O objetivo geral desta dissertação consiste em compreender e avaliar a forma como o surf é vista pelos seus diferentes utilizadores na Ericeira, particularmente, na área da Reserva Mundial de Surf da Ericeira, bem como entender a sua ligação e integração com os Instrumentos de Gestão do Território. A fim de alcançar os objetivos propostos, a metodologia seguida teve não só por base a recolha bibliográfica, como também a realização de inquéritos por questionário durante os meses de Abril a Julho de 2018 e, entrevistas realizadas aos principais stakeholders. A amostra abrange utilizadores da Praia de Ribeira d’Ilhas e Praia dos Coxos, praticantes de surf ou não. Através dos dados obtidos conclui-se que os utilizadores da Praia de Ribeira d‘Ilhas e da Praia dos Coxos têm um diferente perfil em relação à idade, ao número de praticantes, ao grau de experiência da prática do surf, ao concelho de residência, e a forma como percecionam as características da praia e motivo da visita à praia. Indiscutivelmente, em ambos os grupos há referência à existência de conflitos de usos balnear, entre surfistas, escolhas de surf e banhistas na água, e não só consideram que o fator “ondas” como um elemento muito importante para a região, um recurso natural com grande impacto para economia local. Nas entrevistas foi possível ver que da preservação ao marketing, a RMSE é um elemento de dualidades na opinião dos stakeholders. Para uns é uma oportunidade, para outros uma ameaça. É da forte participação dos agentes locais que aqui são tomadas importantes decisões em relação ao surfem conjunto com a administração local. É possível igualmente concluir que se não fosse a Reserva Mundial de Surf da Ericeira muito dificilmente o Programa da Orla Costeira – Alcobaça - Cabo Espichel teria regulamentado ondas do nível I e II. Este galardão internacional, pelo seu mediatismo colocou a orla costeira e o surf nos assuntos do Ordenamento do Território, sensibilizando para a proteção destes locais e respetivas ondas . Assim, pela primeira vez serão regulamentados os sítios das ondas, uma inovação não só à escala nacional como à escala europeia.
Coastal areas are one of the most congested areas on the planet, not only in terms of population but also in activities. Therefore it is imperative that Spatial Planning be a central theme for its correct use and for the development of these areas. Leisure and recreational activities connected to the sea cannot be ignored, particularly in the case of surf, with an ever increasing participation nationally and worldwide, it becomes an urgent necessity to integrate surf in the Spatial Planning due to its impact in this area. In October 2011, Ericeira, in Mafra's municipal district, was recognised for its importance and the quality of its waves and since then it has been designated as Ericeira World Surfing Reserve (EWSR). Similarly at the same time the need to preserve the waves in the Coastal Programmes became a preoccupation due to it's social, economical and environmental value, with an impact at local and national levels. The general objective of this dissertation consists in understanding and evaluating how surf is being seen by all its different users in Ericeira, particularly in the area of the EWSR, as well as understanding its connection and integration with Territorial Planning Instruments. With an end to obtain the proposed objectives, the methodology followed was not only based on bibliographical research but also through conducting questionnaires during the months of April to July 2018, as well as interviews with the main stakeholders. The sample covers users of Ribeira d'Ilhas beach and Coxos beach, surfers or not. From the evidence gathered we can conclude that users of Ribeira d'Ilhas beach and Coxos beach have different profiles. These are in relation to age, to the number of those who practice surf, to the level of surf experience, to the municipality of residence, and in how they perceived the characteristics of the beach and the motive for visiting the beach. Unarguably, in both groups there were references to the existence of conflicts between bathing uses, between surfers, surf schools and swimmers in the water, and not only did they consider the “waves” as an important factor for the region but a natural resource with great impact for the local economy. In the interviews it was possible to see that from preservation to marketing, the EWSR raises conflicting opinions from the stakeholders. For some an opportunity, for others a threat. It is from a strong participation of local agents that important decisions are made in relation to the surf and in collaboration with the local administration. It is equally possible to conclude that if it wasn't for the EWSR, it would have been very difficult for the Costal Programme: Alcobaça – Cabo Espichel to award waves level I and II. This international award and its media cover has meant that the coastal area and the surf has to be taken into account by Spatial Planning, raising awareness to the preservation of these areas and its waves. Therefore, for the first time there will be regulation of surf spots, an innovation not only at national level but also at an European level.
Coastal areas are one of the most congested areas on the planet, not only in terms of population but also in activities. Therefore it is imperative that Spatial Planning be a central theme for its correct use and for the development of these areas. Leisure and recreational activities connected to the sea cannot be ignored, particularly in the case of surf, with an ever increasing participation nationally and worldwide, it becomes an urgent necessity to integrate surf in the Spatial Planning due to its impact in this area. In October 2011, Ericeira, in Mafra's municipal district, was recognised for its importance and the quality of its waves and since then it has been designated as Ericeira World Surfing Reserve (EWSR). Similarly at the same time the need to preserve the waves in the Coastal Programmes became a preoccupation due to it's social, economical and environmental value, with an impact at local and national levels. The general objective of this dissertation consists in understanding and evaluating how surf is being seen by all its different users in Ericeira, particularly in the area of the EWSR, as well as understanding its connection and integration with Territorial Planning Instruments. With an end to obtain the proposed objectives, the methodology followed was not only based on bibliographical research but also through conducting questionnaires during the months of April to July 2018, as well as interviews with the main stakeholders. The sample covers users of Ribeira d'Ilhas beach and Coxos beach, surfers or not. From the evidence gathered we can conclude that users of Ribeira d'Ilhas beach and Coxos beach have different profiles. These are in relation to age, to the number of those who practice surf, to the level of surf experience, to the municipality of residence, and in how they perceived the characteristics of the beach and the motive for visiting the beach. Unarguably, in both groups there were references to the existence of conflicts between bathing uses, between surfers, surf schools and swimmers in the water, and not only did they consider the “waves” as an important factor for the region but a natural resource with great impact for the local economy. In the interviews it was possible to see that from preservation to marketing, the EWSR raises conflicting opinions from the stakeholders. For some an opportunity, for others a threat. It is from a strong participation of local agents that important decisions are made in relation to the surf and in collaboration with the local administration. It is equally possible to conclude that if it wasn't for the EWSR, it would have been very difficult for the Costal Programme: Alcobaça – Cabo Espichel to award waves level I and II. This international award and its media cover has meant that the coastal area and the surf has to be taken into account by Spatial Planning, raising awareness to the preservation of these areas and its waves. Therefore, for the first time there will be regulation of surf spots, an innovation not only at national level but also at an European level.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ordenamento do território Reserva Mundial de Surf da Ericeira Praias Surf Spatial Planning Beaches World Surfing Reserve