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Contributo do processo de Institucionalização na reconstrução identitária da pessoa idosa
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Nesta investigação, estudámos o contributo do processo de institucionalização na
reconstrução identitária da pessoa idosa. Partimos da perspetiva interaccionista de
Goffman e trabalhámos os conceitos, instituição total e identidade, e da sociologia das
organizações, trabalhámos o conceito de cultura organizacional e empowerment.
Como objetivo principal pretendemos analisar o modo como o processo de
institucionalização no lar contribui para a preservação da identidade da pessoa idosa, no
qual, conhecemos os motivos que desencadearam a entrada no lar, o processo de admissão
e de adaptação. Conhecemos o modo como o quotidiano da pessoa idosa é influenciado
por horários, normas, regras e atividades propostas pela instituição e o modo como a
pessoa idosa se apropria do espaço institucional. Analisámos também de que forma num
lar existe preservação da identidade da pessoa idosa na medida em que se promove a
autonomia, privacidade e poder de decisão no dia-a-dia da pessoa idosa, bem como as
suas relações sociais.
Este estudo é um estudo qualitativo, no qual os dados foram recolhidos através de
entrevistas semi-diretivas, através da observação participante e da análise documental.
Para a realização da investigação colaboraram sessenta e cinco pessoas idosas
pertencentes a seis instituições do distrito da Guarda e cinco diretores(as) técnicos(as) das
instituições.
Destaca-se como principais resultados o facto de o ingresso da pessoa idosa no lar
ser marcado por fatores alheios à sua vontade, como problemas de saúde, viuvez, solidão
e por via dos familiares. O quotidiano da pessoa idosa é marcado pelo controlo e
administração por parte da direção técnica, no qual se reduz a autonomia da pessoa idosa.
Destaca-se também a imposição de regras, horários e rotinas que organizam todo o
funcionamento do lar e consequentemente organizam o dia-a-dia da pessoa idosa. A falta
de privacidade nos lares, os espaços, como o quarto deixa de ser um espaço de privacidade
quando este é partilhado. As relações no qual a pessoa idosa se depara, são relações à
base de convívio com as pessoas residentes no lar e com as auxiliares do lar e relações
estabelecidas pelo contacto e apoio dos familiares.
In this investigation, we have studied the contribution of the institutionalization process to the identity reconstruction of the elderly person. We start from Goffman's interactional perspective and work on concepts, total institution and identity, and from the sociology of organizations we work on the concept of organizational culture and empowerment. The main objective is to analyze how the process of institutionalization at a nursing home contributes to the preservation of the identity of the elderly, in which we know the reasons that led to the entrance into the nursing home, the process of admission and adaptation. We know how the daily life of the elderly person is influenced by timetables, rules and activities proposed by the institution and how the elderly person appropriates the institutional space. We also analyzed how a home preserves the identity of the elderly person insofar as the elderly person's autonomy, privacy and decision-making power are promoted, as well as their social relations. This study is a qualitative study, in which data were collected through semi-directive interviews, through participant observation and documentary analysis. Sixty-five elderly people belonging to six institutions of the Guarda district and five technical directors of the institutions collaborated to carry out the research. It stands out as main results the fact that the entrance of the elderly person in the nursing home is marked by factors unrelated to their will, such as health problems, widowhood, loneliness and through relatives. The daily life of the elderly is marked by control and management by the technical management, in which the autonomy of the elderly is reduced. It is also worth mentioning the imposition of rules, schedules and routines that organize the whole operation of the home and consequently organize the day-to-day of the elderly person. The lack of privacy in nursing homes, spaces, as a room ceases to be a space of privacy when it is shared. The relationships in which the elderly person encounters are relationships based on living with the people living in the home and with the helpers and relationships established through the contact and support of family members.
In this investigation, we have studied the contribution of the institutionalization process to the identity reconstruction of the elderly person. We start from Goffman's interactional perspective and work on concepts, total institution and identity, and from the sociology of organizations we work on the concept of organizational culture and empowerment. The main objective is to analyze how the process of institutionalization at a nursing home contributes to the preservation of the identity of the elderly, in which we know the reasons that led to the entrance into the nursing home, the process of admission and adaptation. We know how the daily life of the elderly person is influenced by timetables, rules and activities proposed by the institution and how the elderly person appropriates the institutional space. We also analyzed how a home preserves the identity of the elderly person insofar as the elderly person's autonomy, privacy and decision-making power are promoted, as well as their social relations. This study is a qualitative study, in which data were collected through semi-directive interviews, through participant observation and documentary analysis. Sixty-five elderly people belonging to six institutions of the Guarda district and five technical directors of the institutions collaborated to carry out the research. It stands out as main results the fact that the entrance of the elderly person in the nursing home is marked by factors unrelated to their will, such as health problems, widowhood, loneliness and through relatives. The daily life of the elderly is marked by control and management by the technical management, in which the autonomy of the elderly is reduced. It is also worth mentioning the imposition of rules, schedules and routines that organize the whole operation of the home and consequently organize the day-to-day of the elderly person. The lack of privacy in nursing homes, spaces, as a room ceases to be a space of privacy when it is shared. The relationships in which the elderly person encounters are relationships based on living with the people living in the home and with the helpers and relationships established through the contact and support of family members.
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Envelhecimento, Institucionalização Cultura Organizacional Identidade Aging Institutionalization Organizational Culture Identity