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Barreiras e facilitadores para a prática de atividade física: perspetiva de idosos portugueses em contexto rural e urbano
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RESUMO - Introdução - As tendências demográficas em Portugal, indicam uma população cada vez mais envelhecida. A AF representa um mecanismo para que se possa atingir um envelhecimento saudável. A identificação de barreiras e facilitadores à AF são de extrema importância para construir intervenções mais eficientes. Objetivos - Obter um entendimento subjetivo da importância, facilitadores e barreiras à prática de atividade física em indivíduos portugueses com idade acima dos 65 anos residentes em ambiente rural e urbano. Metodologia - Estudo, descritivo e exploratório de abordagem qualitativa. A metodologia central de recolha de dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada. Adicionalmente foram utilizados três questionários: questionário sociodemográfico, o IPAQ versão longa e o SF-36.
Resultados - Os participantes tinham níveis de AF moderada e alta. Ao nível da qualidade de vida houve scores elevados quanto ao desempenho físico e emocional (>75); nas dimensões vitalidade, dor corporal, saúde geral e mental houve uma grande variação dos resultados. Os entrevistados referiram a AF associada à saúde e bem-estar, com benefícios no estado geral de saúde e com preferência por realizar caminhadas e desportos aquáticos. As principais barreiras referidas foram a limitação física, e os facilitadores o apoio formal.
Conclusões - Um programa de AF deverá incentivar as atividades relacionadas com o tratar do jardim/quintal. Devem ter como finalidade a saúde e bem-estar, e proporcionar atividades que incluam caminhadas e exercícios aquáticos. O principal objetivo deverá ser a diminuição das limitações físicas, sendo supervisionados e/ou acompanhados por profissionais especializados na área da saúde
ABSTRACT - Background - The demographic trends in Portugal indicate an aging population. PA represents a mechanism for achieving healthy aging. The identification of barriers and facilitators to PA is of the utmost importance to build more capable interventions. Purpose - To obtain a subjective understanding of the importance, facilitators and barriers to the practice of physical activity in Portuguese individuals over the age of 65 residing in rural and urban environments. Methods - A descriptive and exploratory study of a qualitative approach. The central methodology data collection was the semi-structured interview. In addition, three questionnaires were used: sociodemographic questionnaire, IPAQ long version and SF-36. Results - Participants had moderate to high PA levels. At the level of quality of life there were high scores on physical and emotional performance (> 75); in the dimensions of vitality, body pain and general health and mental health there was a great variation of the results. The interviewees referred to PA associated with health and well-being, with benefits in the general state of health and with preference for hiking and water sports. The main barriers mentioned were the physical limitation and the facilitators the formal support. Conclusion - A PA program should encourage activities related to garden/garden management. They should aim at health and wellness and provide activities that include walking and water exercises. The main objective should be the reduction of physical limitations and be supervised and/or accompanied by professionals specialized in the health area.
ABSTRACT - Background - The demographic trends in Portugal indicate an aging population. PA represents a mechanism for achieving healthy aging. The identification of barriers and facilitators to PA is of the utmost importance to build more capable interventions. Purpose - To obtain a subjective understanding of the importance, facilitators and barriers to the practice of physical activity in Portuguese individuals over the age of 65 residing in rural and urban environments. Methods - A descriptive and exploratory study of a qualitative approach. The central methodology data collection was the semi-structured interview. In addition, three questionnaires were used: sociodemographic questionnaire, IPAQ long version and SF-36. Results - Participants had moderate to high PA levels. At the level of quality of life there were high scores on physical and emotional performance (> 75); in the dimensions of vitality, body pain and general health and mental health there was a great variation of the results. The interviewees referred to PA associated with health and well-being, with benefits in the general state of health and with preference for hiking and water sports. The main barriers mentioned were the physical limitation and the facilitators the formal support. Conclusion - A PA program should encourage activities related to garden/garden management. They should aim at health and wellness and provide activities that include walking and water exercises. The main objective should be the reduction of physical limitations and be supervised and/or accompanied by professionals specialized in the health area.
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Atividade física Envelhecimento saudável Barreiras e facilitadores Physical activity Healthy aging Barriers and facilitators