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Estados Unidos e Rússia no pós-Guerra Fria: a construção de novas dinâmicas políticas e relacionais, ou como um "degelo" tímido aproximou Oeste e Leste
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Com o fim da Guerra Fria, os Estados Unidos viram a sua posição de proeminência no
sistema internacional ser consolidada e foram investidos do papel de “comandante” da ordem
internacional liberal que emergiu da conclusão do conflito. Do outro lado do oceano
Atlântico, o antigo adversário tinha sido dissolvido, dando lugar a uma constelação de novos
países independentes, entre os quais a Rússia de destacava, empenhada em virar a página do
seu passado soviético e construir um novo caminho, em direção à democracia e à
liberalização económica.
No âmbito de um novo conjunto de circunstâncias, Estados Unidos e Rússia
procuravam definir os seus novos papéis no sistema internacional: um queria afirmar-se
como potência mundial incontestável; o outro procurava legitimação internacional e
reconhecimento como o herdeiro único e legítimo da União Soviética.
A par da definição de novas identidades, Estados Unidos e Rússia procuravam quebrar
o gelo que durante décadas impossibilitou boas relações entre os dois países e encontrar bases
comuns de entendimentos e perceções que servissem de suporte ao desenvolvimento de
dinâmicas de cooperação e até de parceria, em matérias tão importantes para os Estados
Unidos como o combate à proliferação de armas nucleares.
Este trabalho pretende trazer à luz as novas dinâmicas relacionais entre os Estados
Unidos e a Rússia e compreender qual o lugar de uma nova Rússia pós-soviética no
pensamento norte-americano de política externa, com especial enfoque nas questões da
expansão da NATO para Leste e da desnuclearização da Ucrânia.
With the end of the Cold War, the United States saw their position of prominence in the international system be consolidated e were vested of a role of “commander” of the international liberal order that emerged from the ending of the conflict. On the other side of the Atlantic ocean, the former adversary had been dissolved, giving rise to a constellation of new independent countries, among which Russia stood out, committed to turning the page of its soviet past and building a new path, towards democracy and economic liberalization. In the context of a new set of circumstances, the United States and Russia sought to define their new roles in the international system: one wanted to assert itself as the unquestionable world power; the other sought international legitimization and recognition as the only legitimate heir of the Soviet Union. Along with the definition of the new identities, the United States and Russia sought to break the ice that for decades had made impossible de rise of good relations between the two countries and sought to find shared bases of understandings and perceptions that would support the development of dynamics of cooperation and even partnership in matters so important for the United States such as the fight against the proliferation of nuclear weapons. This work intends to shed light on the new relational dynamics between the United States and Russia and understand the place of a new post-soviet Russia in the american thinking of foreing policy, with special emphasis on the NATO enlargement to the East and the denuclearization of Ukraine.
With the end of the Cold War, the United States saw their position of prominence in the international system be consolidated e were vested of a role of “commander” of the international liberal order that emerged from the ending of the conflict. On the other side of the Atlantic ocean, the former adversary had been dissolved, giving rise to a constellation of new independent countries, among which Russia stood out, committed to turning the page of its soviet past and building a new path, towards democracy and economic liberalization. In the context of a new set of circumstances, the United States and Russia sought to define their new roles in the international system: one wanted to assert itself as the unquestionable world power; the other sought international legitimization and recognition as the only legitimate heir of the Soviet Union. Along with the definition of the new identities, the United States and Russia sought to break the ice that for decades had made impossible de rise of good relations between the two countries and sought to find shared bases of understandings and perceptions that would support the development of dynamics of cooperation and even partnership in matters so important for the United States such as the fight against the proliferation of nuclear weapons. This work intends to shed light on the new relational dynamics between the United States and Russia and understand the place of a new post-soviet Russia in the american thinking of foreing policy, with special emphasis on the NATO enlargement to the East and the denuclearization of Ukraine.
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Estados Unidos Rússia Pós-Guerra Fria United States Post-Cold War