A carregar...
Publicação
Fauna culicideológica e espécies do complexo Anopheles gambiae nas áreas urbana e semi urbana e rural da região de Bissau, Guiné-Bissau
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.62 MB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
As doenças transmitidas por vetores representam uma emergência para a saúde pública global, representando mais de 17% das doenças infeciosas, causando mais de 700 mil mortes por ano. Nos últimos anos, a incidência de casos de malária foi reduzida em 41,0% e a taxa de mortalidade diminuiu em 62,0%. Este avanço foi alcançado através dos maiores esforços dos governos na implementação de programas contra o vetor. Em contraste, o número de casos de infeção por vírus da Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya e Febre Amarela aumentou dramaticamente e em co-circulação em algumas regiões. O aumento das viagens e do comércio internacional, a urbanização não planejada, as novas práticas agrícolas e o aumento da mobilização da população das áreas rurais para as áreas urbanas acompanhadas de mudanças climáticas, são um dos fatores que contribuem para a disseminação dessas doenças.
Guiné-Bissau está no topo do ranking mundial de usuários de mosquiteiros e conseguiu reduzir a incidência de malária em 80% em adultos em 90% em crianças menores de cinco anos. Não há casos documentados de Dengue Chikungunya e ou Febre Amarela no país. Em 2016, quatro casos de Zika foram relatados no país. Ao contrário dos vetores da malária (Anopheles gambiae sl.), pouco se sabe sobre os vetores de Arboviroses (Aedes aegypti). O único reporte no país foi 2009, quando Aedes aegypti foi identificado nas ilhas Bijagós (Brown et al., 2009).
Os objetivos deste estudo foram: I) - Comparar a fauna culicideológica em três áreas distintas de Bissau, urbana semiurbano e rural (U, SU e R); II) - Caracterizar a distribuição do complexo An. gambiae e Ae. aegypti nestas três áreas.
As armadilhas de luz CDC foram usadas para coletar adultos e ovitraps e prospeção de larvas direcionadas foram realizadas. As amostras coletadas de mosquito foram identificadas morfologicamente ou por ensaios moleculares.
A riqueza de espécies foi maior na área rural, embora a biodiversidade (medida pelo índice de Shannon) fosse comparável entre as áreas. Na área rural e semiurbana, An. gambiae era a espécie mais abundante enquanto Anopheles Arabiensis predominou na área urbana. Aedes aegypti foi mais abundante na área urbana, embora apresentasse taxas de infestação acima do limite do risco de epidemia de arbovírus nas três áreas estudadas.A crescente urbanização que ocorreu recentemente na região de Bissau não parece ter provocado grande alteração na distribuição dos principais vetores (An. gambiae e Ae. aegypti), em comparação com o que seria esperado, dado suas características bioecológicas. No entanto, mudanças ambientais podem constituir a base da introdução de An. arabiensis nesta região costeira e o aumento da abundância de Anopheles coluzzii na área urbana.
Vector-borne diseases represent an emergency for global public health, accounting for over 17% of infectious diseases, causing more than 700,000 deaths per year. In recent years, the incidence of malaria cases has been reduced by 41.0% and the mortality rate has decreased by 62.0%. This advance was achieved through increased efforts by governments in the implementation of anti-vector programs. In contrast, the numbers of cases of Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya and Yellow Fever virus infection have increased dramatically, and in co-circulation in some regions. Increased travel and international trade, unplanned urbanization, new agricultural practices, and increased mobilization of the population from rural to urban areas accompanied by climate change are one of the factors contributing to the spread of these diseases. Guinea-Bissau is at the top of the world ranking of users of mosquito nets and managed to reduce the incidence of malaria by 80% in adults by 90% in children under five. There are no documented cases of Dengue Chikungunya and or Yellow Fever in the country. In 2016, four cases of Zika were reported in the country. Unlike the vectors of malaria (Anopheles gambiae sl.), little is known about the vectors of Arboviruses (Aedes aegypti). The only report in the country was in 2009, when Aedes aegypti was identified in the Bijagós islands (Brown et al., 2009). The objectives of this study were: I) - To compare the culicideological fauna in three distinct areas of Bissau, urban, semi-urban and rural environment (U SU and R); II) - Characterize the distribution of the An. gambiae complex, and Ae. aegypti in these three areas. CDC light traps were used to collect adults and ovitraps and larval prospection directed were performed. Collected mosquito samples were identified morphologically or by molecular assays. Species richness was highest in the rural area, although biodiversity (as measured by the Shannon index) was comparable between areas. In rural and semi-urban areas, An. gambiae was the most abundant species while Anopheles arabiensis predominated in the urban area. Aedes aegypti was more abundant in the urban area, although it presented infestation rates above the limit of arbovirus epidemic risk in the three areas studied. viii The increasing urbanization that has recently occurred in the Bissau region does not seem to have caused a major change in the distribution of the main vectors (An. gambiae and Ae. Aegypti), compared to what would be expected given their bioecological characteristics. However, environmental changes may form the basis of the introduction of An. Arabiensis in this coastal region and the increase of Anopheles coluzzii abundance in the urban area.
Vector-borne diseases represent an emergency for global public health, accounting for over 17% of infectious diseases, causing more than 700,000 deaths per year. In recent years, the incidence of malaria cases has been reduced by 41.0% and the mortality rate has decreased by 62.0%. This advance was achieved through increased efforts by governments in the implementation of anti-vector programs. In contrast, the numbers of cases of Dengue, Zika, Chikungunya and Yellow Fever virus infection have increased dramatically, and in co-circulation in some regions. Increased travel and international trade, unplanned urbanization, new agricultural practices, and increased mobilization of the population from rural to urban areas accompanied by climate change are one of the factors contributing to the spread of these diseases. Guinea-Bissau is at the top of the world ranking of users of mosquito nets and managed to reduce the incidence of malaria by 80% in adults by 90% in children under five. There are no documented cases of Dengue Chikungunya and or Yellow Fever in the country. In 2016, four cases of Zika were reported in the country. Unlike the vectors of malaria (Anopheles gambiae sl.), little is known about the vectors of Arboviruses (Aedes aegypti). The only report in the country was in 2009, when Aedes aegypti was identified in the Bijagós islands (Brown et al., 2009). The objectives of this study were: I) - To compare the culicideological fauna in three distinct areas of Bissau, urban, semi-urban and rural environment (U SU and R); II) - Characterize the distribution of the An. gambiae complex, and Ae. aegypti in these three areas. CDC light traps were used to collect adults and ovitraps and larval prospection directed were performed. Collected mosquito samples were identified morphologically or by molecular assays. Species richness was highest in the rural area, although biodiversity (as measured by the Shannon index) was comparable between areas. In rural and semi-urban areas, An. gambiae was the most abundant species while Anopheles arabiensis predominated in the urban area. Aedes aegypti was more abundant in the urban area, although it presented infestation rates above the limit of arbovirus epidemic risk in the three areas studied. viii The increasing urbanization that has recently occurred in the Bissau region does not seem to have caused a major change in the distribution of the main vectors (An. gambiae and Ae. Aegypti), compared to what would be expected given their bioecological characteristics. However, environmental changes may form the basis of the introduction of An. Arabiensis in this coastal region and the increase of Anopheles coluzzii abundance in the urban area.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Parasitologia médica Diversidade culicideológica Complexo Anopheles gambiae Aedes aegypti Guiné-Bissau
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical