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O herói egípcio: expressões de heroísmo e mitos de herói no Antigo Egipto
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A pressente dissertação tem como grande tema a figura do herói no contexto civilizacional
egípcio e pretende dar resposta à seguinte questão: existe um herói egípcio?
Os estudos sobre a figura do herói começaram a ser desenvolvidos ainda no século XIX
e destes sobressai a ideia de que o herói se trata de uma figura com contornos arquétipos,
ou seja, uma figura que potencialmente encontramos em todas as culturas,
independentemente da sua situação geográfica e cronológica. Destes estudos, que
seguiram abordagens diversas, emergiram teorias acerca da figura do herói, que revela ter
um percurso ou aventura fixados e um conjunto mais ou menos definido de
características. Acontece que, por um lado, os estudiosos que investigaram o herói nunca
se debruçaram seriamente sobre o caso egípcio e, por outro, os Egiptólogos demonstraram
pouco interesse em aplicar estes estudos à civilização egípcia. Como resultado temos um
número muito escasso de obras egiptológicas que façam referência ao tema, que nunca
foi estudado em profundidade.
Com este trabalho pretendemos, portanto, fazer uma análise da figura do herói no Antigo
Egipto, recorrendo, por um lado, às teorias elaboradas pelos especialistas do mito e, por
outro, a fontes egípcias, com o objectivo de confirmar se existe um herói egípcio e quais
são as suas principais características.
The present dissertation has as its main subject the hero figure in the Egyptian civilizational context and it aims to answer the following question: is there an Egyptian hero? Studies about the hero figure start to be developed during the 19th century and, in these, the notion of the hero as a figure with archetypal features stands out, meaning that it is a character that can potentially be found in every culture, regardless of geography and chronology. From these studies, which followed varied approaches, emerged theories regarding the hero figure, that is displayed as a character with a fixed route or adventure and a set of more or less well defined characteristics. As so happens, the scholars that investigated the hero never delved into the Egyptian case, and the Egyptologists showed a lack of interest in these studies and their applicability to the Egyptian civilization. This resulted in a very scarce number of Egyptological works that mention this subject, which was never investigated in depth. With this work we intend to analyze the hero figure in Ancient Egypt, resorting, on the one hand, to the theories elaborated by mythologists and, on the other hand, to Egyptian sources, with the goal of corroborating if there is an Egyptian hero and what are its main features.
The present dissertation has as its main subject the hero figure in the Egyptian civilizational context and it aims to answer the following question: is there an Egyptian hero? Studies about the hero figure start to be developed during the 19th century and, in these, the notion of the hero as a figure with archetypal features stands out, meaning that it is a character that can potentially be found in every culture, regardless of geography and chronology. From these studies, which followed varied approaches, emerged theories regarding the hero figure, that is displayed as a character with a fixed route or adventure and a set of more or less well defined characteristics. As so happens, the scholars that investigated the hero never delved into the Egyptian case, and the Egyptologists showed a lack of interest in these studies and their applicability to the Egyptian civilization. This resulted in a very scarce number of Egyptological works that mention this subject, which was never investigated in depth. With this work we intend to analyze the hero figure in Ancient Egypt, resorting, on the one hand, to the theories elaborated by mythologists and, on the other hand, to Egyptian sources, with the goal of corroborating if there is an Egyptian hero and what are its main features.
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Antigo Egipto Herói Mito Heroísmo Mitologia Ancient Egypt Hero myth Heroism Mythology