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Elos bilaterais luso-castelhanos na perceção do Império Português
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
As movimentações estratégicas que interferiram na delimitação das áreas de
influência atlântica de Portugal e de Castela, nos finais de Quatrocentos, foram
determinadas num quadro bilateral de política de sigilo. O conceito de esfericidade da
Terra estava interiorizado pelos cosmógrafos de Portugal e de Castela. O conhecimento
náutico e geográfico assentava basicamente na experiência apoiada na observação e nos
registos que foram definindo os contornos e as proporções marítimas e terrestres do
globo, sem fundamentação científica.
O período relativo à perceção do Império Português (1485-1502) caracterizou-se
por uma intensificação de movimentações interativas promovidas pelos dois reinos
ibéricos que visaram a disputa pela rota do Oriente, após 1492. No âmbito da
sistematização dos elos bilaterais luso-castelhanos que interferiram no processo
gestacional dos Impérios Ibéricos, a ação do almirante Cristóvão Colon assume
particular influência. As suas conceções geográficas e o seu pensamento ideológicoespiritual
estimulavam uma vontade obstinada na busca de uma passagem para Oriente
através do Ocidente. D. João II procurou obter vantagem estratégica em defesa do plano
da Índia, no contexto dos conhecimentos, experiência e ações de Cristóvão Colon ao
serviço dos Reis Católicos.
A análise ao documento El Memorial Portugués de 1494 assume uma particular
preponderância no quadro da formação dos Impérios Ibéricos. Dirigido à rainha Isabel a
Católica foi descoberto em 1992 pelos investigadores István León-Borja e Katalin
Klimes-Szmik, no Archivo General de Simancas. O memorialista português
aconselhava a rainha Isabel a abandonar os projetos das Índias Ocidentais descobertas
por Cristóvão Colon, enfatizava as riquezas e o comércio de África e designava o rei D.
João II como tirano. Após a morte de D. João II, Cristóvão Colon perseguiu o seu sonho
de encontrar uma passagem para o Oriente, imbuído por uma predestinação de pendor
messiânico, que se foi conformando na mente do almirante, semelhante aquela que foi
germinando no pensamento do rei D. Manuel I.
The strategic movements that interfered in the delimitation of Portuguese and Castilian Atlantic areas, by the end of the fifteenth century, were determined within a bilateral conjuncture of secrecy policy. The spherical Earth concept was generally accepted by the Portuguese and Castilian cosmography. The nautical and geographic knowledge layed basically in the experience based on the observation and on the records that were made, which stated the maritime and terrestrial boundaries without scientific validation. The period that we call the perception of the Portuguese Empire (1485-1502) was characterized by an intensification of interactive movements forwarded by Portugal and Castile that aimed the Eastern route dispute, after 1492. Regarding the systematization scope of Portuguese-Castilian bilateral links connected with the gestation of the Iberian empires, the actions taken by the admiral Christopher Colon had quite a particular influence. His geographical concepts, ideological and spiritual thinking had stimulated an obstinate will to find a passage to the East through the West. The Portuguese king John II had sought for strategic benefits in defense of India’s plan, within the context of Christopher Colon’s knowledge, experience and actions while serving the Catholic Kings. The analysis of El Memorial Portugués de 1494 document assumes particular preponderance. This document was written to queen Isabel the Catholic and it has been found in 1992 by the researchers István León-Borja and Katalin Klimes-Szmik, in the Archivo General de Simancas. The Portuguese memorialist encouraged queen Isabel to abandon the projects of the West Indies, which were discovered by Christopher Colon, to reinforce the African wealth and commerce and to consider king John II as a tyrant. After king John’s II death, Christopher Colon pursued his dream of finding a passage to the East, lead by messianic predestination that was developing in the mind of the admiral, similar to the one that was germinating in king Manuel’s thinking.
The strategic movements that interfered in the delimitation of Portuguese and Castilian Atlantic areas, by the end of the fifteenth century, were determined within a bilateral conjuncture of secrecy policy. The spherical Earth concept was generally accepted by the Portuguese and Castilian cosmography. The nautical and geographic knowledge layed basically in the experience based on the observation and on the records that were made, which stated the maritime and terrestrial boundaries without scientific validation. The period that we call the perception of the Portuguese Empire (1485-1502) was characterized by an intensification of interactive movements forwarded by Portugal and Castile that aimed the Eastern route dispute, after 1492. Regarding the systematization scope of Portuguese-Castilian bilateral links connected with the gestation of the Iberian empires, the actions taken by the admiral Christopher Colon had quite a particular influence. His geographical concepts, ideological and spiritual thinking had stimulated an obstinate will to find a passage to the East through the West. The Portuguese king John II had sought for strategic benefits in defense of India’s plan, within the context of Christopher Colon’s knowledge, experience and actions while serving the Catholic Kings. The analysis of El Memorial Portugués de 1494 document assumes particular preponderance. This document was written to queen Isabel the Catholic and it has been found in 1992 by the researchers István León-Borja and Katalin Klimes-Szmik, in the Archivo General de Simancas. The Portuguese memorialist encouraged queen Isabel to abandon the projects of the West Indies, which were discovered by Christopher Colon, to reinforce the African wealth and commerce and to consider king John II as a tyrant. After king John’s II death, Christopher Colon pursued his dream of finding a passage to the East, lead by messianic predestination that was developing in the mind of the admiral, similar to the one that was germinating in king Manuel’s thinking.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Império Português Reino de Portugal Reino de Castela Cristóvão Colombo D. João II D. Manuel I, Noronhas Promontório Prasso Grau meridiano Messianismo Espírito Santo King John II King Manuel I Promontorium Prassum Degree of longitude Messianism Holy Spirit