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O papel da criatividade na produção de materiais didáticos para o ensino de Português Língua Estrangeira
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Conceito ambíguo e de difícil definição, só nas últimas décadas a criatividade começou a ganhar destaque na literatura e investigação. Com esta dissertação procuramos contribuir para a discussão do tema e, em concreto, do seu papel na produção de materiais didáticos para o ensino de Português Língua Estrangeira (PLE). Assim, e em primeiro lugar, analisamos o conceito de criatividade, abordando a forma como é percecionado em diferentes culturas e épocas históricas, explicitando teorias, nomeadamente no âmbito da psicologia, enumerando algumas das suas características dentro da educação, incluindo no ensino de Língua Estrangeira (LE), e focando ainda os benefícios da criatividade e dificuldades de implementação no ensino-aprendizagem de LE. Ainda no plano teórico, pretendemos explorar o conceito de materiais didáticos para o ensino de LE, discutindo aspetos-chave inerentes à produção e avaliação dos mesmos, enumerando diferentes tipos de materiais didáticos, explicitando o conceito de materiais didáticos criativos para o ensino de LE e fazendo referência ao contributo das novas tecnologias para a produção de materiais didáticos criativos. Finalmente, apresentamos os resultados do nosso estudo empírico, o qual procurou conhecer as perceções dos professores acerca da criatividade no ensino de PLE e em particular sobre materiais didáticos criativos. Deste modo, analisamos os dados quantitativos e qualitativos resultantes das respostas dos participantes a um inquérito e discutimo-los em função da literatura relevante. Apresentamos ainda relações entre variáveis do estudo e respostas dos participantes, bem como discutimos algumas correlações de significância estatística. Na parte final desta dissertação, procuramos também refletir sobre toda a investigação teórica e empírica levada a cabo, terminando com algumas recomendações que julgamos serem pertinentes para a continuação do estudo nesta área e para uma maior presença da criatividade nos materiais didáticos para o ensino de PLE.
An ambiguous and difficult concept to define, only in the past decades has creativity become a relevant topic in literature and research. With this thesis I hope to contribute to the discussion of the topic and, specifically, its role in the production of instructional materials for teaching Portuguese as a Foreign Language (PFL). Primarily, I will analyse the concept of creativity, addressing the way it is perceived in different cultures and historical moments, clarifying theories, namely in the context of psychology, enumerating some of its characteristics within education, including the teaching of a Foreign Language (FL), and also focusing on the benefits of creativity and difficulties of implementation in the learning and teaching of a FL. Still on a theoretical level, I intend to explore the concept of instructional materials for the teaching of a FL, discussing inherent aspects to its production and evaluation, enumerating different types of instructional materials, aiming to clarify the concept of creative instructional materials for teaching a FL and mentioning the contribute of new technologies for the production of creative instructional materials. Finally, I will report the results of my empirical study, which intended to learn about the perceptions of teachers about creativity in teaching PFL and in particular about creative instructional materials. Therefore, I analyse the quantitative and qualitative data resulting from the participants’ answers to a survey and discuss them according to relevant literature. I also present relations between variables of the study and participants’ answers, as well as discuss some statistically significant correlations. At the end of this thesis, I aim to reflect about all the theoretical and empirical research carried out, concluding with some recommendations that I find pertinent for continuing the study in this area and for an increase of creativity in instructional materials for teaching PFL.
An ambiguous and difficult concept to define, only in the past decades has creativity become a relevant topic in literature and research. With this thesis I hope to contribute to the discussion of the topic and, specifically, its role in the production of instructional materials for teaching Portuguese as a Foreign Language (PFL). Primarily, I will analyse the concept of creativity, addressing the way it is perceived in different cultures and historical moments, clarifying theories, namely in the context of psychology, enumerating some of its characteristics within education, including the teaching of a Foreign Language (FL), and also focusing on the benefits of creativity and difficulties of implementation in the learning and teaching of a FL. Still on a theoretical level, I intend to explore the concept of instructional materials for the teaching of a FL, discussing inherent aspects to its production and evaluation, enumerating different types of instructional materials, aiming to clarify the concept of creative instructional materials for teaching a FL and mentioning the contribute of new technologies for the production of creative instructional materials. Finally, I will report the results of my empirical study, which intended to learn about the perceptions of teachers about creativity in teaching PFL and in particular about creative instructional materials. Therefore, I analyse the quantitative and qualitative data resulting from the participants’ answers to a survey and discuss them according to relevant literature. I also present relations between variables of the study and participants’ answers, as well as discuss some statistically significant correlations. At the end of this thesis, I aim to reflect about all the theoretical and empirical research carried out, concluding with some recommendations that I find pertinent for continuing the study in this area and for an increase of creativity in instructional materials for teaching PFL.
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Palavras-chave
Ensino de PLE Português Língua Estrangeira Materiais didáticos Criatividade no ensino de PLE Teaching Portuguese as a Foreign Language. Instructional materials Creativity in teaching Portuguese as a Foreign Language