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A Companhia Carris de Ferro de Lisboa (1901-1926). Política, rede de transportes e evolução urbana
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Esta tese de mestrado é dedicada às origens e impacto da Companhia Carris de Ferro na cidade de Lisboa, desde o início do século XX até ao final da década de 20, mas com uma ligeira incursão pelo final do século XIX. Sobre esta empresa, não existe uma investigação de conjunto que sirva de charneira ao advento de trabalhos mais desenvolvidos ou sequer uma série de artigos que permitam uma linha de investigação no sentido de trazer alguma luz sobre este setor da economia e o seu papel no desenvolvimento da cidade de Lisboa. Todavia, esta escassez surge-nos estranha se tivermos em atenção, por exemplo, o resultado das inovações aplicadas ao transporte urbano e os efeitos, nem sempre benéficos, que causou na mobilidade da cidade. Apesar destes testemunhos sobre o que terá sido o desenvolvimento da rede de transportes e o
advento da tração elétrica, pouco se explica sobre o porquê, o como e o quando destas alterações.
A Companhia Carris de Ferro foi fundada em 18 de setembro de 1872, no Rio de Janeiro, chegando a Lisboa no ano seguinte. Esta nova empresa beneficiou do resultado da profunda transformação a nível tecnológico, cientifico e técnico do final do século XIX e princípios do século XX, mas também, dos esforços políticos da autarquia lisboeta e do governo no sentido de se estabelecer uma rede de transportes na capital que se pudesse equiparar com outras cidades europeias, sendo necessário, para isso, articular este estudo com outros semelhantes a nível europeu. Através da análise detalhada das linhas e percursos das carreiras, mas também do discurso político dos vereadores da Câmara Municipal de Lisboa e das relações que dispunham com os diferentes membros que compunham a direção da Companhia Carris de Ferro, pretende se conceber uma orientação possível para esta problemática. Em suma, a partir importância estratégica da mobilidade urbana, analisa-se o impacto da Companhia Carris de Ferro em Lisboa, nomeadamente, na qualidade de agente de mudança, inovação e modernidade.
This Master's thesis focuses on the origins and impact of Companhia Carris de Ferro in Lisbon, from the beginning of the 20th Century until the end of the 20’s, but with a slight detour by the end of the 19th Century. There is no in-depth research about this company that leads to other, more developed, works, there is no series of articles that allow for a line of investigation to shed some light on this economy sector and the role it plays in the development of Lisbon. However, this shortfall is puzzling if, for instance, we take into account the results of the innovations applied to urban transportation and the, not always positive, results it caused on the city’s mobility. Despite these testimonies about the development of the transportation network and the arrival of the electric traction, there is little explanation about the why, how and when of these changes. Companhia Carris de Ferro was established on September 18th 1872, in Rio de Janeiro, arriving in Lisbon the following year. This new company benefited from the results of an extensive transformation, on a technological, scientific and technical level, which took place at the end of the 19th Century and the beginning of the 20th Century, but also from the political efforts of both the local authorities from Lisbon and the Government to establish a transportation network in the city matching those of other European cities. To do that, it was necessary to combine this article with other similar ones on a European level. Through the detailed analysis of bus lines and routes, but also through the political speeches of city councillors of Lisbon’s City Hall and the relationships they had with the different members of Carris’ board of directors, the aim is to provide a possible guidance regarding this issue. In short, based on the strategic importance of urban mobility, the impact of Companhia Carris de Ferro in Lisbon is analysed as an agent of change, innovation and modernity.
This Master's thesis focuses on the origins and impact of Companhia Carris de Ferro in Lisbon, from the beginning of the 20th Century until the end of the 20’s, but with a slight detour by the end of the 19th Century. There is no in-depth research about this company that leads to other, more developed, works, there is no series of articles that allow for a line of investigation to shed some light on this economy sector and the role it plays in the development of Lisbon. However, this shortfall is puzzling if, for instance, we take into account the results of the innovations applied to urban transportation and the, not always positive, results it caused on the city’s mobility. Despite these testimonies about the development of the transportation network and the arrival of the electric traction, there is little explanation about the why, how and when of these changes. Companhia Carris de Ferro was established on September 18th 1872, in Rio de Janeiro, arriving in Lisbon the following year. This new company benefited from the results of an extensive transformation, on a technological, scientific and technical level, which took place at the end of the 19th Century and the beginning of the 20th Century, but also from the political efforts of both the local authorities from Lisbon and the Government to establish a transportation network in the city matching those of other European cities. To do that, it was necessary to combine this article with other similar ones on a European level. Through the detailed analysis of bus lines and routes, but also through the political speeches of city councillors of Lisbon’s City Hall and the relationships they had with the different members of Carris’ board of directors, the aim is to provide a possible guidance regarding this issue. In short, based on the strategic importance of urban mobility, the impact of Companhia Carris de Ferro in Lisbon is analysed as an agent of change, innovation and modernity.
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História Lisboa Transportes Transporte urbano Tecnologia Monarquia I República Republicanismo Séc. XIX Séc. XX Carris Elétricos Demografia Urbanismo Mobilidade Concelho Primeira Guerra Pós-guerra History Lisbon Transportation Urban transports Technology Monarch First Republic Republicanism 19th Century 20th Century Carris Trams Demographics Urbanism Mobility Municipality First World War Post-war era