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"Em África, todos são Mamadou - é o nome do profeta em africano." Pertenças múltiplas numa associação islâmica da linha de Sintra
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Em Portugal, a população muçulmana sunita reveste-se de uma grande diversidade de origens e contextos - nacional, de classe, étnica e linguística. No âmbito das ciências sociais é pertinente explorar mais aprofundadamente o Islão junto de populações migrantes nos arredores da capital, sobretudo daqueles que chegaram e chegam ao país integrados em fluxos de migração laboral veiculados tanto a lógicas de trânsito africano pós-colonial, como prevenientes de países sem ligação colonial. Fruto de investigação etnográfica concretizada entre Novembro de 2016 e Julho de 2017, na Associação da Comunidade Islâmica da Tapada das Mercês e Mem-Martins (ACITM), na linha de Sintra, a minha dissertação revela a pertença e a prática do Islão, mediada por uma associação que procura romper com ciclos deterministas e discriminatórios, consequência de processos de marginalização espacial e urbana, numa fusão de segregação económica, racial e religiosa. Nesta dissertação é descrita a história e funcionamento desta associação islâmica, incluindo a sua articulação com o poder locar – Câmara Municipal e Junta de Freguesia – e com outras instituições no terreno – sobretudo a Fundação Aga Khan. Introduzem-se aqui discussões sobre secularismo e laicismo do Estado, bem como do papel e história do Estado-Providência. Aborda-se desenvolvimento urbano da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa, de forma a entender as lógicas de marginalização urbana que votam certas populações a áreas segregadas. As palavras dos interlocutores relativamente às suas pertenças socioeconómicas permitem aceder a discursos sobre condições de vida, bem como contactar com motivações e estratégias individuais e colectivas para superar a conjuntura desfavorável. A experiência migratória é descrita enquanto agravante das condições socioeconómicas e na dificuldade de acesso a direitos, mas também como evocadora de uma identidade africana, sendo a mundividência dos interlocutores informada por valores e ideias identificados como europeus ou africanos. No panorama da prática religiosa, as concepções de ética e prática, do ‘ser bom muçulmano’ são adaptáveis e a sua análise alimenta o conhecimento da diversidade e heterogeneidade das crenças e práticas de muçulmanos em Portugal e na Europa. Isto sobretudo no que concerne à exploração do “Islão africano”. Assim esta dissertação também contribui para o conhecimento sobre populações muçulmanas e da sua reivindicada ‘africanidade’ associada a uma conjuntura de pobreza e de fragilidade legal e civil, e os seus desafios quotidianos, nesta posição estrutural sobejamente subalterna.
In Portugal, the Sunni Muslim population has a great diversity of origins and contexts - national, class, ethnic and linguistic. In the social sciences, it seems pertinent to explore Islam more closely with migrant populations around the capital, especially those who arrived and arrive in the country integrated in labour migration flows, not only with countries within postcolonial African logics but also from countries without colonial connection. This dissertation is a result of an ethnographic research carried out between November 2016 and July 2017, in the Islamic Community Association of Tapada das Mercês and Mem Martins (ACITM), in the line of Sintra. It reveals the belonging and practice of Islam, mediated by an association that seeks to break with deterministic and discriminatory cycles as a result of spatial and urban marginalization processes in a fusion of economic, racial and religious segregation. In this dissertation the history and functioning of this Islamic association, including its articulation with the local power - Town Hall and Parish Council - and with other institutions in the field - above all the Aga Khan Foundation - are described. Discussions on secularism and the State, as well as on the role and history of the welfare state. Urban development of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area is approached in order to understand the logics of urban marginalization that destin certain populations to segregated areas. The words of the interlocutors regarding their socio-economic belongings allow access to discourses on living conditions, as well as contact with individual and collective motivations and strategies to overcome the unfavourable situation. The migratory experience is described as aggravating to socio-economic conditions and as a hindrance to the access to rights. It also evokes an African identity, and the world of the interlocutors is informed by values and ideas identified either as European or African. In the field of religious practice, the concepts of ethics and practice, of 'being a good Muslim' are adaptable and their analysis feeds into the knowledge of the diversity and heterogeneity of Muslim beliefs and practices in Portugal and in Europe. This is especially true of the exploration of "African Islam". Thus, this dissertation also contributes to knowledge about Muslim populations and their claimed 'Africanness' associated with a conjuncture of poverty and legal and civil fragility, and their daily challenges, in this highly subordinate structural position.
In Portugal, the Sunni Muslim population has a great diversity of origins and contexts - national, class, ethnic and linguistic. In the social sciences, it seems pertinent to explore Islam more closely with migrant populations around the capital, especially those who arrived and arrive in the country integrated in labour migration flows, not only with countries within postcolonial African logics but also from countries without colonial connection. This dissertation is a result of an ethnographic research carried out between November 2016 and July 2017, in the Islamic Community Association of Tapada das Mercês and Mem Martins (ACITM), in the line of Sintra. It reveals the belonging and practice of Islam, mediated by an association that seeks to break with deterministic and discriminatory cycles as a result of spatial and urban marginalization processes in a fusion of economic, racial and religious segregation. In this dissertation the history and functioning of this Islamic association, including its articulation with the local power - Town Hall and Parish Council - and with other institutions in the field - above all the Aga Khan Foundation - are described. Discussions on secularism and the State, as well as on the role and history of the welfare state. Urban development of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area is approached in order to understand the logics of urban marginalization that destin certain populations to segregated areas. The words of the interlocutors regarding their socio-economic belongings allow access to discourses on living conditions, as well as contact with individual and collective motivations and strategies to overcome the unfavourable situation. The migratory experience is described as aggravating to socio-economic conditions and as a hindrance to the access to rights. It also evokes an African identity, and the world of the interlocutors is informed by values and ideas identified either as European or African. In the field of religious practice, the concepts of ethics and practice, of 'being a good Muslim' are adaptable and their analysis feeds into the knowledge of the diversity and heterogeneity of Muslim beliefs and practices in Portugal and in Europe. This is especially true of the exploration of "African Islam". Thus, this dissertation also contributes to knowledge about Muslim populations and their claimed 'Africanness' associated with a conjuncture of poverty and legal and civil fragility, and their daily challenges, in this highly subordinate structural position.
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Estado social Linha de Sintra Migração Segregação urbana Condições de vida Migration Urban segregation Living conditions Welfare state