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Through the portal and into the quest: Robert Jordan´s the wheel of time and China Miéville´s Un Lun Dun
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A presente dissertação consiste numa análise de duas obras do género literário da fantasia à luz de um teoria desenvolvida por Farah Mendlesohn em Rhetorics of Fantasy (2008) que se debruça sobre a divisão de múltiplas obras de fantasia em quatro categorias distintas. Os autores em estudo, Robert Jordan e China Miéville, apresentam obras que, numa primeira análise, se podem colocar na mesma categoria de fantasia. No entanto, uma análise que considere a taxonomia de Mendlesohn conclui que, enquanto The Wheel of Time (1990-2013), de Jordan, se mantém, na sua maioria, dentro dos limites da fantasia de portal e demanda, a primeira categoria da taxonomia, Un Lun Dun (2007), de Miéville, apresenta características transversais a todas as categorias de Mendlesohn. A previsão da dificuldade de colocar Un Lun Dun num só grupo serve de base à criação de uma quinta categoria na qual se inserem obras que subvertem os paradigmas das restantes categorias.
Esta dissertação, dividida em quatro capítulos, começará por um estudo sobre as várias definições de fantasia propostas ao longo dos tempos, desde Tolkien até aos académicos mais recentes. A partir deste levantamento, será proposta uma definição mais geral daquilo que o género da fantasia compreende. Também será feito um catálogo de várias obras de fantasia publicadas desde o século XIX até aos tempos modernos, bem como uma análise mais detalhada da taxonomia de Mendlesohn. O segundo capítulo vai
debruçar-se sobre a temática dos portais, um elemento fundamental da fantasia de portal e demanda. Este capítulo consistirá numa análise de diversos portais em várias obras de fantasia. O terceiro capítulo compreenderá a análise de The Wheel of Time e o quarto capítulo, seguindo uma estratégia semelhante, a análise de Un Lun Dun. Esta análise vai ter em consideração aspectos que se prendem com o herói e o destino, a profecia, o portal, a demanda, bem como aspectos relacionados com as técnicas narrativas usadas pelos autores para descreverem o mundo.
This dissertation consists of an analysis of two works belonging to the fantasy genre in light of a theory developed by Farah Mendlesohn in Rhetorics of Fantasy (2008) which entails the division of multiple works of fantasy in four distinct categories. The authors in question, Robert Jordan and China Miéville, present woks that, in a first analysis, can be placed in the same category of fantasy. However, a study that takes into consideration Mendlesohn’s taxonomy concludes that, while Jordan’s The Wheel of Time (1990-2013) is positioned, for the most part, inside the boundaries of the portal-quest fantasy category, Miéville’s Un Lun Dun (2007) presents characteristics from all categories. The difficulty of placing Un Lun Dun inside one group serves as basis to the creation of a category that includes works that subvert the paradigms of the other categories. This dissertation, divided in four chapters, will start with a study of several definitions of fantasy provided throughout the times, from Tolkien to the most recent academics. From these definitions, a more general explanation of what fantasy entails will be formulated. A catalogue of fantasy works published from the nineteenth century until modern times will also be provided, as well as a detailed analysis of Mendlesohn’s taxonomy. The second chapter will focus on portals, which are a fundamental element in the portal-quest fantasy. This chapter will comprehend an analysis of various portals in different works of fantasy. The third chapter will comprise the study of The Wheel of Time and the fourth, following a similar strategy, the study of Un Lun Dun. This analysis will take into consideration aspects relating to the hero and destiny, prophecy, the portal, the quest, as well as aspects related to the narrative techniques used by the authors to describe the world.
This dissertation consists of an analysis of two works belonging to the fantasy genre in light of a theory developed by Farah Mendlesohn in Rhetorics of Fantasy (2008) which entails the division of multiple works of fantasy in four distinct categories. The authors in question, Robert Jordan and China Miéville, present woks that, in a first analysis, can be placed in the same category of fantasy. However, a study that takes into consideration Mendlesohn’s taxonomy concludes that, while Jordan’s The Wheel of Time (1990-2013) is positioned, for the most part, inside the boundaries of the portal-quest fantasy category, Miéville’s Un Lun Dun (2007) presents characteristics from all categories. The difficulty of placing Un Lun Dun inside one group serves as basis to the creation of a category that includes works that subvert the paradigms of the other categories. This dissertation, divided in four chapters, will start with a study of several definitions of fantasy provided throughout the times, from Tolkien to the most recent academics. From these definitions, a more general explanation of what fantasy entails will be formulated. A catalogue of fantasy works published from the nineteenth century until modern times will also be provided, as well as a detailed analysis of Mendlesohn’s taxonomy. The second chapter will focus on portals, which are a fundamental element in the portal-quest fantasy. This chapter will comprehend an analysis of various portals in different works of fantasy. The third chapter will comprise the study of The Wheel of Time and the fourth, following a similar strategy, the study of Un Lun Dun. This analysis will take into consideration aspects relating to the hero and destiny, prophecy, the portal, the quest, as well as aspects related to the narrative techniques used by the authors to describe the world.
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Robert Jordan Taxonomia de Fantasia Fantasia de Portal e Demanda Literatura Fantástica Fantasy Literature Portal-Quest Fantasy Taxonomy of Fantasy