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Problemática do abastecimento de água e saneamento de águas residuais no município do Lubango/Angola
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Angola tem um potencial hídrico excecional, mas este recurso natural está distribuído desigualmente e em consequência do crescimento da população tem sofrido poluição e degradação que compromete, cada vez mais, a sua disponibilidade.
Em Angola, nos últimos anos (2002-2017), vários investimentos tem sido feitos no sector das águas mas, ainda assim, os níveis de cobertura em abastecimento de água e saneamento deixam a desejar. Portanto, de modo geral, os recursos hídricos disponíveis tem sido subaproveitados para a satisfação das necessidades da população.
Os problemas dos sectores de abastecimento de água e saneamento no Município do Lubango não fogem muito do contexto geral da grande maioria das cidades de Angola. As infraestruturas de abastecimento de água e saneamento não acompanharam o crescimento da população e da cidade. As irregularidades no abastecimento de água e a falta de acesso à rede pública leva a população a procurar fontes alternativas. Os serviços de saneamento de águas residuais privilegiam as áreas urbanizadas do centro da cidade, em detrimento das periurbanas onde habita a maior parte da população. O sistema de saneamento de águas residuais baseia-se na descarga dos efluentes para a rede de drenagem de águas pluviais sem que seja feito qualquer tratamento prévio ou em fossas sépticas e como alternativas utilizam-se as ruas e os cursos de água. Esta situação favorece a poluição dos recursos hídricos e do ambiente no geral com destruição dos ecossistemas ribeirinhos e elevados índices de doenças e mortes relacionadas com o consumo de água contaminada e por falta de saneamento básico.
Neste trabalho são analisadas as implicações do insuficiente abastecimento de água e tratamento de águas residuais para a saúde da população e para o ambiente, no Município do Lubango.
Angola has an exceptional water potential, but this natural resource is unequally distributed and, consequently due to population growth, it has suffered actions of pollution e decadence, all of which compromises even more its availability. In Angola, during the last years (2002-2017), several investments have been made in the water sector, but still, the levels of coverage in water and sanitation supply leave much to be desired. So, as a whole, the available water resources have been underused to satisfy the needs of the population. The problems of the sectors of water supply and sanitation of the Municipilaty of Lubango are not far from the overall context of the majority of the cities of Angola. The infrastructures which supply water and sanitation did not keep up with the growth of the population and of city. The irregularities in water supply and the lack of access to the public network drive the population to seek alternative sources. The services of residual water sanitation are a privilege to the central areas of the city, while most of the population lives in peri-urban areas. The sanitation system of residual waters is based on the discharge of effluents into the drainage network of rainwater without any previous treatment done or in septic tanks, and use streets and water courses as alternatives. This situation favors the pollution of the water resources and of the environment, resulting in the destruction of riparian ecosystems, and in the increase of diseases and deaths related to the usage of contaminated water due to lack of basic sanitation. This work analyzes the implications of the insufficient water supply, and the treatment lacke of residual waters for the health of the population and the environment, in the Municipilaty of Lubango.
Angola has an exceptional water potential, but this natural resource is unequally distributed and, consequently due to population growth, it has suffered actions of pollution e decadence, all of which compromises even more its availability. In Angola, during the last years (2002-2017), several investments have been made in the water sector, but still, the levels of coverage in water and sanitation supply leave much to be desired. So, as a whole, the available water resources have been underused to satisfy the needs of the population. The problems of the sectors of water supply and sanitation of the Municipilaty of Lubango are not far from the overall context of the majority of the cities of Angola. The infrastructures which supply water and sanitation did not keep up with the growth of the population and of city. The irregularities in water supply and the lack of access to the public network drive the population to seek alternative sources. The services of residual water sanitation are a privilege to the central areas of the city, while most of the population lives in peri-urban areas. The sanitation system of residual waters is based on the discharge of effluents into the drainage network of rainwater without any previous treatment done or in septic tanks, and use streets and water courses as alternatives. This situation favors the pollution of the water resources and of the environment, resulting in the destruction of riparian ecosystems, and in the increase of diseases and deaths related to the usage of contaminated water due to lack of basic sanitation. This work analyzes the implications of the insufficient water supply, and the treatment lacke of residual waters for the health of the population and the environment, in the Municipilaty of Lubango.
Descrição
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Saneamento de águas residuais Saúde Angola Município do Lubango Abastecimento de água residuais População Ambiente Water supply Sanitation of residual waters Health Population Environment