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Modelo de identificação das zonas históricas das cidades portugueses com recurso a um SIG
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Os centros históricos sempre foram e sempre serão uma parte muito importante da estrutura de uma cidade e numa altura em que se valoriza mais a reabilitação urbana do que a expansão desta torna-se imprescindível o estudo da área mais antiga das cidades. Estas muitas vezes são de difícil delimitação devido a não existir um critério comum que identifique a área corresponde ao centro histórico, pois cada cidade é um caso especifico. Com base nesta informação tentou-se criar um modelo que identificasse as áreas históricas através de um SIG utilizando indicadores relacionados com o edificado, sendo este o principal objetivo do presente relatório. Neste serão abordados os procedimentos adotados para a criação do modelo referido. Mas antes da parte prática procedeu-se a uma revisão da literatura sobre o conceito de centro histórico, assim como de cidade médias. Serão nessas que o modelo será aplicado, visto que as áreas antigas das duas principais cidades de Portugal, Lisboa e Porto, já se encontram devidamente analisadas. Relativamente à parte prática é efetuada uma descrição dos procedimentos e metodologias adotadas ao longo do projeto. Algumas delas não tiveram o resultado esperado levando à realização de diversos testes. O principal indicador em que se baseia o modelo é a idade do edificado, pois esta corresponde ao critério principal de identificação do centro histórico. Além deste utilizou-se os pontos de interesse das cidades para tentar perceber se a área mais valorizada de uma cidade correspondia ao centro histórico. Nesta temática da valorização foi realizado um questionário a agentes imobiliários. Estando definido o modelo tentou-se perceber se a sua utilização seria válida. Para isso aplicou-se o mesmo a 4 cidades sendo estas, Beja, Leiria, Setúbal e Tavira. Foram efetuados todos os procedimentos necessários para a delimitação do polígono correspondente ao centro histórico e seguidamente extraiu-se informação relativa à população, edificado e aos alojamentos, tentando perceber quais as diferenças entre a cidade e o seu centro histórico.
The historical centers have always been and always will be a very important part of the structure of a city and at a time when urban rehabilitation is more valued than the expansion of the same, the study of the oldest area of the cities becomes indispensable. These are often difficult to define because there are no common criteria that identifies the area that corresponds to the historic center, since each city is a specific case. Based on this information, it was tried to create a model that would identify the historical areas through a GIS using building-related indicators, which is the main objective of this report. In this, it will be approached the procedures adopted for the creation of the referred model. But before the practical part, a review of the literature on the concept of historical center, as well as of medium city, was carried out. These models will be applied on those cities, since the old areas of the two main cities of Portugal, Lisbon and Porto have already been duly analyzed. For the practical part, a description of the procedures and methodologies adopted throughout the project is made. Some of them did not have the expected result leading to several tests. The main indicator on which the model is based is the buildings age, since this corresponds to the main criteria of identification of the historic center. In addition to this, it was used the points of interest of the cities to try to understand if the most valued area of a city corresponded to the historical center. In this issue of valuation, a survey was carried out to real estate agents. Once the model was defined, it was tried to see if its use would be valid. For this, the same was applied to 4 cities, being these, Beja, Leiria, Setúbal and Tavira. All necessary procedures were carried out for the delimitation of the polygon corresponding to the historical center and information about the population, buildings and the households was extracted, trying to understand the differences between the city and its historical center.
The historical centers have always been and always will be a very important part of the structure of a city and at a time when urban rehabilitation is more valued than the expansion of the same, the study of the oldest area of the cities becomes indispensable. These are often difficult to define because there are no common criteria that identifies the area that corresponds to the historic center, since each city is a specific case. Based on this information, it was tried to create a model that would identify the historical areas through a GIS using building-related indicators, which is the main objective of this report. In this, it will be approached the procedures adopted for the creation of the referred model. But before the practical part, a review of the literature on the concept of historical center, as well as of medium city, was carried out. These models will be applied on those cities, since the old areas of the two main cities of Portugal, Lisbon and Porto have already been duly analyzed. For the practical part, a description of the procedures and methodologies adopted throughout the project is made. Some of them did not have the expected result leading to several tests. The main indicator on which the model is based is the buildings age, since this corresponds to the main criteria of identification of the historic center. In addition to this, it was used the points of interest of the cities to try to understand if the most valued area of a city corresponded to the historical center. In this issue of valuation, a survey was carried out to real estate agents. Once the model was defined, it was tried to see if its use would be valid. For this, the same was applied to 4 cities, being these, Beja, Leiria, Setúbal and Tavira. All necessary procedures were carried out for the delimitation of the polygon corresponding to the historical center and information about the population, buildings and the households was extracted, trying to understand the differences between the city and its historical center.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cidades Médias Modelo de Identificação Centro Histórico SIG Historical Center Medium Cities GIS Identification Model