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O saber local sobre a utilização das plantas medicinais na Área Marinha Protegida Comunitária da Ilhas Urok (Reserva da Biosfera do Arquipélago Bolama Bijagós, Guiné-Bissau)
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O presente estudo foi realizado na Área Marinha Protegida Comunitária das Ilhas
Urok, localizada no norte da Reserva de Biosfera do Arquipélago Bolama Bijagós na
Guiné-Bissau. Com uma superfície de 545 km2, é composta por 15 ilhas e ilhotas, sendo
as três mais importantes Formosa, Nago e Chediã. Segundo os dados disponíveis tem
uma população residente de 2928 habitantes, dos quais 1471 do sexo masculino e 1457
do sexo feminino, vivendo em 32 aldeias.
O objetivo geral deste estudo foi documentar a utilização das plantas medicinais
pelas comunidades bijagós em Urok e compreender as formas de aquisição, utilização e
transmissão do conhecimento sobre as propriedades medicinais das plantas.
O trabalho de terreno foi realizado em Novembro de 2016 e Janeiro 2017. Os
respondentes foram selecionados através da técnica intencional. Foram entrevistados 13
curandeiros (12 homens e uma mulher), com idades entre 40 a 81 anos e experiência de
9 a 63 anos e com reconhecidas capacidades de cura nas suas aldeias. Também foram
realizadas entrevistas individuais freelisting com 110 pessoas de ambos os sexos (52
masculino e 58 feminino), pertencentes a 8 classes sociais, com idades compreendidas
entre 10 e 76 anos, para listarem livremente as plantas medicinais que conheciam ou de
que tinham ouvido falar. Foram ainda realizadas entrevistas individuais
semiestruturadas a 4 agentes da medicina moderna do único Centro de Saúde que cobre
as ilhas de Urok. Foram conciliadas diversas metodologias de recolha de dados
adaptados a realidade local, tais como: Djumbai-focalizado, observação participante,
seguimento e auscultação, memorização, registos fotográficos e a transcrição no
caderno de campo ainda no mesmo dia.
Através destas técnicas de pesquisa etnográfica e etnobotânica foram obtidos os
seguintes resultados: os 13 curandeiros entrevistados apresentaram 104 referências de
plantas medicinais de 49 espécies, pertencentes 47 géneros e 27 famílias, utilizadas no
tratamento de 37 doenças de acordo com as categorias da etnomedicina local. Os 110
entrevistados da comunidade apresentaram 518 referências de plantas medicinais de 81
espécies, pertencentes a 74 géneros e 38 famílias, utilizadas no tratamento de 44
doenças de acordo com as categorias da etnomedicina local.
Cerca de 40 espécies de plantas medicinais são de conhecimento comum entre os
curandeiros e a comunidade. A transferência de conhecimento sobre os usos e
propriedades das plantas medicinais ocorre principalmente ao nível familiar. Os agentes
da saúde moderna apresentaram 12 espécies de plantas medicinais que conhecem e
salientam que as principais doenças que ocorre em Urok são sazonais, tais como o
paludismo, a diarreia e a pneumonia. As partes das plantas mais utilizadas são as folhas,
raízes e as cascas, utilizadas essencialmente em fresco. As principais vias de aplicação
dos mezinhos são orais e tópicas e maioria das receitas não têm dosagens bem definidas.
Espera-se com este trabalho contribuir para o registo e valorização dos saberes e
práticas relacionadas com a utilização tradicional dos recursos naturais no Arquipélago
dos Bijagós e sua preservação para as futuras gerações
This study was conducted in the Community Marine Protected Area of Urok islands, located in the north of the Bolama Bijagós Archipelago of the Biosphere Reserve, Guinea-Bissau. With a surface of 545 km2, this protected area is composed by 15 islands and islets, of which Formosa, Nago and Chediã are the three most important. According to the available data, there are 2928 inhabitants in these islands, of which 1471 are males and 1457 are females, living in 32 villages. The main objective of this study was to document the use of medicinal plants by the Bijagós communities in Urok, and to understand the ways of acquiring, using, and transmitting knowledge about the medicinal properties of plants. Fieldwork was carried out in November 2016 and January 2017. Respondents were selected through the intentional method. Thirteen traditional healers (12 men and one woman) were interviewed, aged between 40 and 81 years, with 9 to 63 years of experience in the area and recognized healing abilities in their villages. We also conducted individual freelisting interviews to 110 people (52 males and 58 females), belonging to 8 social classes, and aged between 10 and 76 years. These study participants were asked to freely list medicinal plants they knew or heard about. Finally, we also conducted individual semi-structured interviews to 4 agents of modern medicine belonging to the only Health Centre serving the Urok Islands. Several methodologies adapted to the local reality were reconciled, such as: Djumbai-focused, participant observation, follow-up and auscultation, memorization, photographic records and on-the-spot transcription of data to a notebook. The 13 healers interviewed reported 104 references to medicinal plants belonging to 49 species, 47 genera and 27 families, which were used in the treatment of 37 diseases, according to the categories of local ethnomedicine. The 110 community respondents indicated 518 references to medicinal plants belonging to 81 species, 74 genera and 38 families, which were used in the treatment of 44 diseases, according to the categories of local ethnomedicine. About 40 species of medicinal plants were of common knowledge among healers and the community. The transfer of knowledge on the uses and properties of medicinal plants occurs mainly within the family. Modern health agents have indicated 12 species of medicinal plants and reported that the main diseases occurring in Urok islands are seasonal, such as malaria, diarrhoea and pneumonia. The most commonly used parts of plants are leaves, roots and stem bark, used mainly fresh. The main ways of application of the traditional medicines are oral and topical and most recipes do not have well-defined dosages. With this work we hope to contribute to the registration and valorisation of knowledge and practices related to the traditional use of natural resources in the Bijagós Archipelago and its conservation for future generations.
This study was conducted in the Community Marine Protected Area of Urok islands, located in the north of the Bolama Bijagós Archipelago of the Biosphere Reserve, Guinea-Bissau. With a surface of 545 km2, this protected area is composed by 15 islands and islets, of which Formosa, Nago and Chediã are the three most important. According to the available data, there are 2928 inhabitants in these islands, of which 1471 are males and 1457 are females, living in 32 villages. The main objective of this study was to document the use of medicinal plants by the Bijagós communities in Urok, and to understand the ways of acquiring, using, and transmitting knowledge about the medicinal properties of plants. Fieldwork was carried out in November 2016 and January 2017. Respondents were selected through the intentional method. Thirteen traditional healers (12 men and one woman) were interviewed, aged between 40 and 81 years, with 9 to 63 years of experience in the area and recognized healing abilities in their villages. We also conducted individual freelisting interviews to 110 people (52 males and 58 females), belonging to 8 social classes, and aged between 10 and 76 years. These study participants were asked to freely list medicinal plants they knew or heard about. Finally, we also conducted individual semi-structured interviews to 4 agents of modern medicine belonging to the only Health Centre serving the Urok Islands. Several methodologies adapted to the local reality were reconciled, such as: Djumbai-focused, participant observation, follow-up and auscultation, memorization, photographic records and on-the-spot transcription of data to a notebook. The 13 healers interviewed reported 104 references to medicinal plants belonging to 49 species, 47 genera and 27 families, which were used in the treatment of 37 diseases, according to the categories of local ethnomedicine. The 110 community respondents indicated 518 references to medicinal plants belonging to 81 species, 74 genera and 38 families, which were used in the treatment of 44 diseases, according to the categories of local ethnomedicine. About 40 species of medicinal plants were of common knowledge among healers and the community. The transfer of knowledge on the uses and properties of medicinal plants occurs mainly within the family. Modern health agents have indicated 12 species of medicinal plants and reported that the main diseases occurring in Urok islands are seasonal, such as malaria, diarrhoea and pneumonia. The most commonly used parts of plants are leaves, roots and stem bark, used mainly fresh. The main ways of application of the traditional medicines are oral and topical and most recipes do not have well-defined dosages. With this work we hope to contribute to the registration and valorisation of knowledge and practices related to the traditional use of natural resources in the Bijagós Archipelago and its conservation for future generations.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Plantas medicinais Ilhas Urok Guiné-Bissau Etnobotânica Rituais Curandeiros Medicina tradicional ethnobotany Rituals Traditional healers Traditional medicine