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Jornalismo televisivo digital nas redes sociais (facebook): um olhar comparativo entre Angola e Portugal - TPA, TV Zimbo e RTP Notícias
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A televisão é o meio de comunicação social tradicional mais atrativo sendo
assistido pela maioria da população do planeta – com a evolução exponencial da
tecnologia e das plataformas digitais, não se sabe se a televisão vai resistir por muito,
carregando esta classificação. Nunca as pessoas tiveram mais contato com a internet do
que agora, ‘arrastadas’ pela curiosidade de conhecer e frequentar as plataformas
digitais. A transmissão de informação nestas plataformas se tornou irreversível por parte
dos media que aproveitaram a ocasião para expandir também seus interesses comerciais
a par da difusão de notícias nas redes sociais. Pela acessibilidade oferecida aos seus
seguidores em resposta aos investimentos que têm sido realizados – e, por isso lhe valeu
a liderança do ranking em 2016 entre várias plataformas -, o Facebook é a rede social
que entra na competição com a televisão ao disponibilizar funcionalidades que tornam
possível a prática do jornalismo democrático, plural e eticamente questionável por causa
da forma como são obtidas, verificadas e difundidas as notícias.
O jornalismo televisivo português feito para o Facebook já tem um longo
caminho e é aquele que marca a realidade comunicacional portuguesa e europeia que
compreendeu, desde cedo, a necessidade de levar informação às redes sociais como
extensão do exercício do serviço público suportado pelos canais tradicionais. Em
Angola, essa realidade representa uma caminhada feita em diferentes velocidades: se
por um lado, os OCS reconhecem o impacto das redes sociais na vida das pessoas, por
outro lado, fazem muito pouco para servir o segmento humano que ‘reside’ no
Facebook. Os media televisivos nacionais não assumiram ainda a extensão em diversos
suportes a responsabilidade do serviço público quanto ao direito de informar e formar a
opinião pública angolana além de canais tradicionais. O Facebook é menos explorado
neste sentido e com isso menos aproveitado para fazer negócio. A investigação
demonstrou que existe forte interesse por parte dos canais de televisão angolanos em
contornar a situação e tornar o jornalismo digital numa extensão da estratégia de
produção jornalística face à evolução tecnológica.
The Television has been for decades the most attractive media, watched by the majority of the world's population. But with the exponential evolution of technology, it is uncertain if television will resist for much more time carrying that label. People who never had contact before with the Internet are now dragged due to the curiosity of using digital platforms for information and entertainment purposes. The transmission of information through digital platforms became irreversible and many traditional media are using social media and especially facebook to distribute news and also to expand their commercial interests. The journalistic uses of social mode poses many professional and ethical questions to journalists. Social media are extremely powerful communication tools, but also changes dramatically the processes by news are gathered, distributed, shared and (un) verified. In this dissertation, we try to understand how three television channels are using facebook: RTP in Portugal and TPA and TV Zimbo in Angola. The comparative study involved content analysis of the facebook pages and a survey to the journalists running the facebook pages. We concluded that social media are already part of the daily routine of the Portuguese journalists and a priority to the Portuguese public television communication strategy with its viewers. In Angola, this path still represents a journey performed in different speeds: both TPA and TV Zimbo recognize the impact social media have on people's life and consuming habits, but the investment is still scarce and the transition to the digital and the multiplatform journalism still faces many economic constraints. Even TPA has not yet fully assumed the responsibility to meet the news needs of the public also in social media. In that sense facebook is less explored in Angola and less used to make business. But the research allows us to conclude that there is strong interest in the Angolan television channels to bypass the present situation and engage in the transformation of journalism through technological innovation.
The Television has been for decades the most attractive media, watched by the majority of the world's population. But with the exponential evolution of technology, it is uncertain if television will resist for much more time carrying that label. People who never had contact before with the Internet are now dragged due to the curiosity of using digital platforms for information and entertainment purposes. The transmission of information through digital platforms became irreversible and many traditional media are using social media and especially facebook to distribute news and also to expand their commercial interests. The journalistic uses of social mode poses many professional and ethical questions to journalists. Social media are extremely powerful communication tools, but also changes dramatically the processes by news are gathered, distributed, shared and (un) verified. In this dissertation, we try to understand how three television channels are using facebook: RTP in Portugal and TPA and TV Zimbo in Angola. The comparative study involved content analysis of the facebook pages and a survey to the journalists running the facebook pages. We concluded that social media are already part of the daily routine of the Portuguese journalists and a priority to the Portuguese public television communication strategy with its viewers. In Angola, this path still represents a journey performed in different speeds: both TPA and TV Zimbo recognize the impact social media have on people's life and consuming habits, but the investment is still scarce and the transition to the digital and the multiplatform journalism still faces many economic constraints. Even TPA has not yet fully assumed the responsibility to meet the news needs of the public also in social media. In that sense facebook is less explored in Angola and less used to make business. But the research allows us to conclude that there is strong interest in the Angolan television channels to bypass the present situation and engage in the transformation of journalism through technological innovation.
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Facebook Angola Redes Sociais Portugal Jornalismo Televisivo Digital