A carregar...
Publicação
Determinantes da institucionalização de crianças e adolescentes em tempos da doutrina da proteção integral
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.49 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
RESUMO: A história da institucionalização de crianças e adolescentes no Brasil, nos séculos XIX e XX, revelou que as crianças nascidas em situação de pobreza e/ou em famílias com dificuldades de criarem seus filhos tinham um destino quase certo quando buscavam apoio do Estado: o de serem encaminhadas para instituições totais, como abrigos ou educandários. Essa história tem repercussões importantes até os dias de hoje, não sendo possível afirmar que a prática da institucionalização tenha sido superada, mesmo na vigência do marco jurídico da proteção integral, no qual se baseia o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA). No Brasil, os marcos legais no campo da infância e da adolescência, que antecederam o Estatuto da Criança e da Adolescência - o Código de Menores Mello Mattos, de 1927, e o Código de Menores de 1979-inscreveram caminhos com critérios mais rígidos para a prática da institucionalização. Foi somente após a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, marcando o início da tentativa de restabelecer um Estado Democrático de Direito no Brasil, em 1990, que entrou em vigor o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente- ECA, instituído pela Lei Federal nº 8069, de 13 de Julho de 1990. O ECA estabelece que crianças e adolescentes são sujeitos de direitos e afirma que a proteção somente será efetiva através da implantação de políticas públicas voltadas à cidadania plena. O presente trabalho analisa os determinantes para a aplicabilidade da medida de acolhimento institucional às crianças e adolescentes, a partir da análise documental dos processos judiciários, e observação participante de audiências concentradas em uma região específica do município de São Paulo, Brasil. O estudo também analisou como
vem se efetivando o processo de desinstitucionalização das crianças e adolescentes, buscando identificar quais são as estratégias desenvolvidas para garantir o retorno ao convívio familiar, comunitário, bem como demais estratégias de inclusão social. Conclui-se que apesar do reconhecimento dos avanços no Sistema de Garantia de Direitos da Infância e da Adolescência, ainda são vigentes crenças e valores morais semelhantes aos presentes nos antigos códigos, subsidiando a aplicação de medidas. Este fator determina a necessidade de ampliar a discussão sobre ações de proteção, garantindo atuações éticas, efetiva proteção e o melhor interesse de crianças e adolescentes.
ABSTRACT: Brazilian history of children and adolescentes institutionalization in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries revealed that children born in poverty and/or in families with difficulties to raise their children, when seeking state support, had an almost certain destiny: to be sent to total insitutions such as shelters or boarding schools. This historical background has important repercussions to this day, and it is not possible to affirm that the practice of institutionalization have been overcome, even under the legal framework of integral protection, on which the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA) is based. In Brazil, legal frameworks regarding childhood and adolescence preceded the Statute of Children and Adolescents, as Mello Mattos Minors 'Code of 1927 and the Minors' Code of 1979, and set out stricter criteria for institutionalization practices. Only after the promulgation of Federal Constitution at 1988, which determine the beginning to reestablish a Democratic State in Brazil, that came into force the Statute of Child and Adolescent - ECA, instituted by Federal Law nº 8069, July 13, 1990. ECA , sets the rights of children and adolescents and affirms that protection will only be effective through the implementation of public policies aiming full citizenship. This paper analyzes the determinants used to enforce institutional reception measure to children and adolescents, based on documental analysis of judicial processes and participant observation of audiences concentrated in a specific region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The study also analyzed how the process of deinstitutionalization of children and adolescents has been carried out, trying to identify the strategies developed to guarantee the return to family and community life, as well as other strategies for social inclusion. In the conclusions it was possible to verify in some situations that, in spite of the recognition of the advances in the System of Rights Guarantee of the Childhood and Adolescence, the beliefs and moral values placed in the technical reports that subsidize the application of measures were similar to those present at the old codes. This poses the need to broaden the discussion to guarantee ethical actions, effective protection and the best interest of children and adolescents.
ABSTRACT: Brazilian history of children and adolescentes institutionalization in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries revealed that children born in poverty and/or in families with difficulties to raise their children, when seeking state support, had an almost certain destiny: to be sent to total insitutions such as shelters or boarding schools. This historical background has important repercussions to this day, and it is not possible to affirm that the practice of institutionalization have been overcome, even under the legal framework of integral protection, on which the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA) is based. In Brazil, legal frameworks regarding childhood and adolescence preceded the Statute of Children and Adolescents, as Mello Mattos Minors 'Code of 1927 and the Minors' Code of 1979, and set out stricter criteria for institutionalization practices. Only after the promulgation of Federal Constitution at 1988, which determine the beginning to reestablish a Democratic State in Brazil, that came into force the Statute of Child and Adolescent - ECA, instituted by Federal Law nº 8069, July 13, 1990. ECA , sets the rights of children and adolescents and affirms that protection will only be effective through the implementation of public policies aiming full citizenship. This paper analyzes the determinants used to enforce institutional reception measure to children and adolescents, based on documental analysis of judicial processes and participant observation of audiences concentrated in a specific region of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The study also analyzed how the process of deinstitutionalization of children and adolescents has been carried out, trying to identify the strategies developed to guarantee the return to family and community life, as well as other strategies for social inclusion. In the conclusions it was possible to verify in some situations that, in spite of the recognition of the advances in the System of Rights Guarantee of the Childhood and Adolescence, the beliefs and moral values placed in the technical reports that subsidize the application of measures were similar to those present at the old codes. This poses the need to broaden the discussion to guarantee ethical actions, effective protection and the best interest of children and adolescents.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Serviços de Saúde Mental Crianças e Adolescentes Institucionalização Atenção Psicossocial Vida familiar e comunitária Proteção Integral Brasil Mental Health Services Children and Adolescent Institutionalization Psychossocial Attention Family and Community life Integral Protection Brazil