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A Retirada da ONU de Timor-Leste: Análise Comparativa em 2005 e 2012
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A presente investigação consiste num estudo de caso, que tem como principal objetivo analisar o impacto das políticas sociais desenvolvidas pelo IV Governo Constitucional de Timor-Leste (2007-2012), em matéria de programas de assistência social e humanitária, na estabilidade social e política do país em 2012, tendo em conta que as mesmas se desenvolveram inseridas no processo de construção da Paz e construção do Estado conduzido pelas Nações Unidas, bem como na sequência da crise social e política de 2006. Para que tal desiderato seja atingido, propomo-nos a compreender e a comparar de que forma as políticas sociais, no que respeita à atribuição de pensões aos combatentes e mártires de libertação nacional (veteranos), à assistência aos deslocados, à atribuição de subsídio de apoio a idosos e inválidos, bem como da bolsa da mãe, contribuíram para a estabilidade social do país na sequência da crise social e política em 2006. Crise essa que implicou o retorno dos capacetes azuis ao território timorense, bem assim a ação institucional por parte do Estado Timorense em dar resposta aos desafios e problemas sociais, económicos e políticos. Portanto, será objeto de estudo e análise o investimento destas políticas sociais pelo Estado Timorense, sendo que as pensões dos combatentes e mártires da libertação nacional e a assistência aos deslocados são políticas intimamente ligadas ao setor segurança, razão pela qual se regista uma considerável disparidade ao nível dos benefícios, quando é feita a comparação, quer em termos de montantes, quer do número de beneficiários, entre as pensões dos combatentes e mártires da libertação nacional e o subsídio de apoio a idosos e inválidos e a bolsa da mãe. No que se refere às medidas levadas a cabo pelo IV Governo Constitucional em matéria de resolução da questão dos deslocados internos, foi possível o retorno dos 150.000 deslocados às suas casas no final de 2009, um êxito reconhecido pela comunidade internacional.
Em 2012, Timor-Leste apresenta uma elevada despesa pública em proteção social, porém o seu impacto sobre a redução da pobreza não é proporcional, dado que a maior parcela dessa despesa é destinada ao pagamento das pensões dos combatentes e mártires da libertação nacional - um fragmento reduzido da população timorense com generosos benefícios.
This research is a case study that aims to analyze the impact of social policies developed by the IV Constitutional Government of Timor-Leste (2007-2012) in the social and humanitarian assistance programs, social stability and politics of the country in 2012, taking in consideration that those developed policies were insert in the construction of peace and state building led by the United Nations and also following the social and politic crisis in 2006. To achive this aim, we propose to understand and compare how social policies, as regards the allocation of pensions to combatants and national liberation martyrs (veterans), assistance to displaced people, the allocation of allowance support for elderly and disabled as well as the mother's pouch, contributed to the social stability of the country following the social and political crisis in 2006.The crisis led to the return of UN peacekeepers to East Timorese territory, as well as institutional action by the Timorese State to respond to the challenges and social problems, economic and politics. Therefore, it will be object of study and analysis the Investment of these social policies done by Timorese State, being as combatants’ pensions and martyrs of national liberation and the assistance to displaced people are closely linked policies to the security sector, for this reason it is registered a large difference between the levels of benefits when the comparison is made by in terms of amounts either number of beneficiaries, between combatants’ pensions and martyrs of the national liberation and allocation of allowance support for elderly and disabled as well as the mother's pouch. As regards the measures undertaken by the IV Constitutional Government on resolving the internally displaced persons issue, it was possible the return of 150,000 displaced persons to their homes in the end of 2009, a recognized success by the international community. In 2012, Timor-Leste shows a public expenditure on social protection, however their impact over the poverty reduction is not proportional, since the largest share of this expense is allocated to the payment of combatants’ pensions and martyrs of the national liberation - one small share of the Timorese population with generous benefits.
This research is a case study that aims to analyze the impact of social policies developed by the IV Constitutional Government of Timor-Leste (2007-2012) in the social and humanitarian assistance programs, social stability and politics of the country in 2012, taking in consideration that those developed policies were insert in the construction of peace and state building led by the United Nations and also following the social and politic crisis in 2006. To achive this aim, we propose to understand and compare how social policies, as regards the allocation of pensions to combatants and national liberation martyrs (veterans), assistance to displaced people, the allocation of allowance support for elderly and disabled as well as the mother's pouch, contributed to the social stability of the country following the social and political crisis in 2006.The crisis led to the return of UN peacekeepers to East Timorese territory, as well as institutional action by the Timorese State to respond to the challenges and social problems, economic and politics. Therefore, it will be object of study and analysis the Investment of these social policies done by Timorese State, being as combatants’ pensions and martyrs of national liberation and the assistance to displaced people are closely linked policies to the security sector, for this reason it is registered a large difference between the levels of benefits when the comparison is made by in terms of amounts either number of beneficiaries, between combatants’ pensions and martyrs of the national liberation and allocation of allowance support for elderly and disabled as well as the mother's pouch. As regards the measures undertaken by the IV Constitutional Government on resolving the internally displaced persons issue, it was possible the return of 150,000 displaced persons to their homes in the end of 2009, a recognized success by the international community. In 2012, Timor-Leste shows a public expenditure on social protection, however their impact over the poverty reduction is not proportional, since the largest share of this expense is allocated to the payment of combatants’ pensions and martyrs of the national liberation - one small share of the Timorese population with generous benefits.
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Timor-Leste ONU Independência Organização das Nações Unidas Peacebuilding. State-Building Política Social Governo United Nations Organization Social Policy Government