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A importância da figura do ditador em El Señor Presidente: o romance como denúncia social
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Tendo como objeto de estudo o romance El Señor Presidente do escritor guatemalteco Miguel Ángel Asturias, o presente trabalho procura ilustrar de que forma esta obra denuncia todo um sistema e uma estrutura ditatoriais, tendo em conta não só elementos históricos, mas também estilísticos. Acima de tudo, procura-se compreender qual a verdadeira finalidade da obra e de que maneira esta pretende ser testemunha de uma época.
Outro dos objetivos desta dissertação é retomar um tema que, apesar de já ter sido amplamente estudado, é intemporal, merecendo, portanto, uma nova abordagem. A finalidade consiste em sugerir uma visão que permita ampliar e atualizar conceitos, assim como sistematizar estudos já realizados.
Para alcançar os objetivos referidos, analisam-se os traços distintivos e o comportamento da figura representada pelo Presidente, assim como as semelhanças que possam existir entre este e o ditador Manuel Estrada Cabrera, presidente da Guatemala entre os anos 1898 e 1920. Importante é também verificar de que forma a personagem da obra materializa o seu poder e como a sua tirania se mantém intacta, sem que nada nem ninguém se interponha no seu caminho.
Sendo este um romance de ditador, analisam-se as características gerais deste género literário e, particularmente, as que encontramos presentes na obra. De especial interesse para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho é também o estudo da linguagem. Veremos como através dela se recria um mundo irracional e asfixiante e se intui a denúncia feita ao longo da narrativa.
Com a finalidade de entender a origem do universo criado por Miguel Ángel Asturias em El Señor Presidente, torna-se necessário ter em conta a sua criação literária prévia. Deste modo, estuda-se a influência do ensaio El problema social del indio, escrito pelo próprio e publicado em 1923. Segundo o escritor, este constituiu um dos pontos de partida para a posterior escrita do romance que nos ocupa nesta dissertação. Também é relevante a leitura de Popol-Vuh, compilação das crenças e mitos dos antigos indígenas e obra inspiradora para a criação de El Señor Presidente. Em simultâneo, são considerados outros estudos não menos importantes para a compreensão da sua obra e deste tema em particular.
This dissertation is based on the novel El Señor Presidente by Guatemalan writer Miguel Ángel Asturias and aims at illustrating how this work exposes an entire system and dictatorial structure, taking not only historical, but also stylistic elements into account. Above all, it tries to understand what the true purpose of the work is and the way it suggests itself as a witness of a particular age. Another of the aims is to take up a topic which, despite having already been widely studied, is timeless and therefore deserving of a new approach. The aim is to suggest a vision that allows to extend and update concepts and to systematize studies already carried out. To achieve these purposes, this study will assess the distinctive features and the behavior of the figure represented by the President, as well as any similarities that may exist between him and the dictator Manuel Estrada Cabrera, the president of Guatemala between 1898 and 1920. It will be equally important to exemplify the ways in which the character materializes his power and keeps his tyranny intact, without anyone or anything standing in his way. Since this is a dictator novel, the present thesis will also analyze the main features of the respective literary genre and, particularly, the ones to be found in the novel in question. The study of language is another aspect of particular interest to the development of this study. We will see how language is used in order to create an irrational and suffocating world and to imply a sense of critique throughout the narrative. In order to understand the origin of the universe created by Miguel Ángel Asturias in El Señor Presidente, it becomes necessary to take his previous literary creation into account. Thus, this study further assesses the influence of the essay El problema social del indio, written by himself and published in 1923. According to the author, this was one of the starting points for the subsequent writing of the novel. Another relevant point of focus is the reading of Popol-Vuh, a compilation of ancient indigenous beliefs and myths and seminal work for the creation of El Señor Presidente. At the same time, other equally important studies are considered, in order to understand the author´s oeuvre and this topic in particular.
This dissertation is based on the novel El Señor Presidente by Guatemalan writer Miguel Ángel Asturias and aims at illustrating how this work exposes an entire system and dictatorial structure, taking not only historical, but also stylistic elements into account. Above all, it tries to understand what the true purpose of the work is and the way it suggests itself as a witness of a particular age. Another of the aims is to take up a topic which, despite having already been widely studied, is timeless and therefore deserving of a new approach. The aim is to suggest a vision that allows to extend and update concepts and to systematize studies already carried out. To achieve these purposes, this study will assess the distinctive features and the behavior of the figure represented by the President, as well as any similarities that may exist between him and the dictator Manuel Estrada Cabrera, the president of Guatemala between 1898 and 1920. It will be equally important to exemplify the ways in which the character materializes his power and keeps his tyranny intact, without anyone or anything standing in his way. Since this is a dictator novel, the present thesis will also analyze the main features of the respective literary genre and, particularly, the ones to be found in the novel in question. The study of language is another aspect of particular interest to the development of this study. We will see how language is used in order to create an irrational and suffocating world and to imply a sense of critique throughout the narrative. In order to understand the origin of the universe created by Miguel Ángel Asturias in El Señor Presidente, it becomes necessary to take his previous literary creation into account. Thus, this study further assesses the influence of the essay El problema social del indio, written by himself and published in 1923. According to the author, this was one of the starting points for the subsequent writing of the novel. Another relevant point of focus is the reading of Popol-Vuh, a compilation of ancient indigenous beliefs and myths and seminal work for the creation of El Señor Presidente. At the same time, other equally important studies are considered, in order to understand the author´s oeuvre and this topic in particular.
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Literatura hispano-americana Romance de ditador Ditador Denúncia social Literatura guatemalteca Dictator Latin-American literature Dictator novel Social critique Guatemalan literature