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Aquisição de artigos em português língua segunda por falantes de língua materna kikongo
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O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a aquisição de artigos por falantes de
português de Angola (PA) L2, falantes nativos de kikongo, língua do grupo bantu sem
artigos. Propusemo-nos a testar a Hipótese de Interface (Sorace, 2005), que prediz que
os falantes de L2 poderão não adquirir propriedades de interface, ou seja, propriedades
que envolvem dois ou mais módulos da gramática ou de outros domínios cognitivos.
Com o intuito de investigar se os falantes nativos de kikongo adquirem as propriedades
semânticas e pragmático-discursivas de uso dos artigos definidos e indefinidos,
utilizámos uma tarefa de produção induzida e uma de juízos de valor de verdade, que
aplicámos a três grupos: falantes de PA L2 de nível avançado (grupo de teste), falantes
de PA L1 e falantes de português europeu L1 (grupos de controlo). Os resultados
evidenciam que, a par de falantes de outras línguas sem artigos, os falantes nativos de
kikongo, português L2, recorrem a estratégias de omissão e sobretudo a estratégias de
substituição de artigos, apresentando maiores dificuldades no uso de indefinido do que
de definido, sendo os indefinidos os artigos com que mais ocorrem desvios. Conclui-se,
em relação aos falantes de PA L2, que as propriedades de interface associadas ao artigo
não foram plenamente adquiridas. Quanto aos informantes de PA L1, concluímos que a
situação de contacto linguístico e o tipo de input a que esses falantes têm acesso pode
ter desencadeado o comportamento divergente, em relação à norma europeia.
The present study focuses on the acquisition of articles by L2 speakers of the variety of Portuguese spoken in Angola (PA), who are native speakers of Kikongo, an articles Bantu language. We assume the Interface Hypothesis (Sorace, 2005), which predicts that L2 speakers may not acquire interface properties, i.e., properties which involve two or more grammatical components, or components of the grammar and other cognitive domains. Our goal was to investigate whether L1 speakers of Kikongo acquire the semantic and discourse-pragmatic properties which determine the use of definite and indefinite articles. The study was based on an elicited production task and a truth value judgement task, and we collected data from three groups: advanced learners of L2 PA (our experimental group), speakers of L1 PA and speakers of L1 European Portuguese (our control groups). The results show that, similarly to L1 speakers of other articless languages, L1 speakers of Kikongo resort to strategies of omission and (predominantly) substitution, particularly with indefinite articles. This indicates that these learners have more difficulties in their use of indefinite articles than in their use of definite ones. Hence, regarding the L2 learners of PA, we conclude that the interface properties which determine the use of articles have not been fully acquired. As for the speakers of L1 PA, we argue that the situation of language contact and the type of input which these speakers are exposed to may explain the divergent behaviour which they exhibit when compared to the European norm.
The present study focuses on the acquisition of articles by L2 speakers of the variety of Portuguese spoken in Angola (PA), who are native speakers of Kikongo, an articles Bantu language. We assume the Interface Hypothesis (Sorace, 2005), which predicts that L2 speakers may not acquire interface properties, i.e., properties which involve two or more grammatical components, or components of the grammar and other cognitive domains. Our goal was to investigate whether L1 speakers of Kikongo acquire the semantic and discourse-pragmatic properties which determine the use of definite and indefinite articles. The study was based on an elicited production task and a truth value judgement task, and we collected data from three groups: advanced learners of L2 PA (our experimental group), speakers of L1 PA and speakers of L1 European Portuguese (our control groups). The results show that, similarly to L1 speakers of other articless languages, L1 speakers of Kikongo resort to strategies of omission and (predominantly) substitution, particularly with indefinite articles. This indicates that these learners have more difficulties in their use of indefinite articles than in their use of definite ones. Hence, regarding the L2 learners of PA, we conclude that the interface properties which determine the use of articles have not been fully acquired. As for the speakers of L1 PA, we argue that the situation of language contact and the type of input which these speakers are exposed to may explain the divergent behaviour which they exhibit when compared to the European norm.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Aquisição Aprendizagem Kikongo Artigo Português de Angola Definitude Article Acquisition Learning Portuguese spoken in Angola Definiteness