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A violência doméstica contra as mulheres: indicadores de risco e representações sociais
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Este trabalho é o resultado de uma análise e compreensão do fenómeno da violência doméstica contra as mulheres decorrente da conjugalidade, no âmbito da prevenção e a urgente necessidade da construção de indicadores de risco que possibilitem detectar os possíveis agressores e situações irregulares.
Este fenómeno é sem dúvida um fenómeno que deve ser equacionado como um fenómeno de desigualdade de género, historicamente construída e culturalmente enraizada nos vários segmentos da sociedade portuguesa. Apesar das mudanças ao nível legislativo e das condutas colectivas, o modelo patriarcal ainda se mantém e é dominante em diversas sociedades. Visto isto e de modo a enquadrar a minha análise sobre a violência doméstica e a tentar perceber quais os estereótipos que ainda se mantêm e conduzem a situações de discriminação para a mulher, mesmo sendo esta a vitima, tento fazer emergir as representações sociais por parte dos profissionais de saúde, forças de segurança pública e da sociedade em geral acerca deste fenómeno social.
Quais as representações existentes acerca dos actos de violência contra as mulheres? Qual a sensibilidade em relação as situações de risco da violência doméstica por parte dos profissionais de saúde?
Estas são as questões essenciais que se aprofundam e problematizam ao longo do meu estudo.
Qual será a percepção e avaliação que as pessoas fazem acerca deste fenómeno, em especial quando se trata da classe médica e quais as medidas que foram implementadas nesta área, ou seja no que se refere à saúde, ao cuidado, a segurança e a prevenção? De que forma têm evoluído as bases de pensamento das pessoas e a influência que os médicos têm sobre este fenómeno e no que respeita ao combate do mesmo?
Na definição e construção do objecto de estudo e tendo em consideração os objectivos propostos, visto que o tempo para elaboração do mesmo é diminuto, tornou-se desde logo evidente a escolha de uma estratégia metodológica assente numa abordagem qualitativa.
E assim o meu estudo vai-se centrar essencialmente na revisão da literatura (análise documental e bibliográfica) acerca da violência doméstica e na recolha das percepções e na análise que este grupo, já mencionado anteriormente (profissionais de saúde, nomeadamente os médicos e responsáveis pelo tratamento destas questões na área da saúde), faz relativamente ao fenómeno social da violência doméstica contra as mulheres e, ainda, sobre se é estabelecida alguma articulação entre este grupo e as restantes instituições sociais, de maneira a promover acções que combatam de forma eficaz o aumento do número de casos de violência doméstica contra as mulheres e consequente aumento do número de mortes.
A análise será realizada mediante entrevistas semi-diretivas e observação participante, tendo em conta o vocabulário utilizado, explicita ou implicitamente de determinados termos, categorias ou aspectos em torno deste fenómeno, de maneira a reconhecer e a perceber quais as representações feitas em torno da violência doméstica contra as mulheres.
E será através da Teoria das Representações Sociais e de Erving Goffman que poderei construir uma ou mais categorias as quais, de acordo com a revisão da literatura em torno deste fenómeno, vão auxiliar, na descrição, categorização e composição de cada representação ao longo da minha análise.
This work is the result of an analysis and understanding of the phenomenon of domestic violence against women due to marital, in the prevention and the urgent need to build risk indicators that allow to detect possible aggressors and irregular situations. This phenomenon is undoubtedly a phenomenon that must be solved as a gender inequality phenomenon, historically constructed and culturally rooted in the various segments of the Portuguese society. Despite the changes to legislation and collective behavior, the patriarchal model still remains and is dominant in many societies. Seen it and to frame my analysis of domestic violence and trying to understand what the stereotypes that still exist and lead to discrimination to women, even being the victim, try to bring out the social representations by the health professionals, public security forces and society in general about this social phenomenon. What are the existing representations about violence against women? What is the sensitivity to the risk situations of domestic violence by health professionals? These are the essential questions that deepen and problematize over my study. What will be the perception and evaluation that people make about this phenomenon, especially when it comes to the medical profession and what measures have been implemented in this area, namely with regard to health care, safety and prevention? How have evolved the thinking foundation of people and the influence that doctors have on this phenomenon and with regard to combat it? The definition and construction of the object of study and taking into account the objectives set, as the time for preparing it is small, it became immediately evident the choice of a methodological strategy based on a qualitative approach. And so my study will focus primarily on literature review (document and literature review) about domestic violence and the collection of insights and analysis that this group, mentioned above (health professionals, particularly doctors and responsible for treatment of these issues in the health field), makes about the social phenomenon of domestic violence against women, and also on whether it is established any link between this group and other social institutions in order to promote action to address effectively the increase in the number of cases of domestic violence against women and the consequent increase in the number of deaths. The analysis will be performed by semi-directive interviews and participant observation, taking into account the vocabulary used, explicitly or implicitly certain terms, categories or aspects surrounding this phenomenon, in order to recognize and understand what representations made around violence domestic against women. It will be through the Theory of Social Representations and Erving Goffman I can build one or more categories which, according to the literature review around this phenomenon, will assist in the description, categorization and composition of each representation throughout my analysis.
This work is the result of an analysis and understanding of the phenomenon of domestic violence against women due to marital, in the prevention and the urgent need to build risk indicators that allow to detect possible aggressors and irregular situations. This phenomenon is undoubtedly a phenomenon that must be solved as a gender inequality phenomenon, historically constructed and culturally rooted in the various segments of the Portuguese society. Despite the changes to legislation and collective behavior, the patriarchal model still remains and is dominant in many societies. Seen it and to frame my analysis of domestic violence and trying to understand what the stereotypes that still exist and lead to discrimination to women, even being the victim, try to bring out the social representations by the health professionals, public security forces and society in general about this social phenomenon. What are the existing representations about violence against women? What is the sensitivity to the risk situations of domestic violence by health professionals? These are the essential questions that deepen and problematize over my study. What will be the perception and evaluation that people make about this phenomenon, especially when it comes to the medical profession and what measures have been implemented in this area, namely with regard to health care, safety and prevention? How have evolved the thinking foundation of people and the influence that doctors have on this phenomenon and with regard to combat it? The definition and construction of the object of study and taking into account the objectives set, as the time for preparing it is small, it became immediately evident the choice of a methodological strategy based on a qualitative approach. And so my study will focus primarily on literature review (document and literature review) about domestic violence and the collection of insights and analysis that this group, mentioned above (health professionals, particularly doctors and responsible for treatment of these issues in the health field), makes about the social phenomenon of domestic violence against women, and also on whether it is established any link between this group and other social institutions in order to promote action to address effectively the increase in the number of cases of domestic violence against women and the consequent increase in the number of deaths. The analysis will be performed by semi-directive interviews and participant observation, taking into account the vocabulary used, explicitly or implicitly certain terms, categories or aspects surrounding this phenomenon, in order to recognize and understand what representations made around violence domestic against women. It will be through the Theory of Social Representations and Erving Goffman I can build one or more categories which, according to the literature review around this phenomenon, will assist in the description, categorization and composition of each representation throughout my analysis.
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Palavras-chave
Violência Género Representações sociais Mulheres Indicadores de risco violence Gender Social representations Women Risk indicators