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Plantas medicinais da Guiné-Bissau: estudo da sua atividade biológica e caracterização química
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As plantas têm sido utilizadas há vários milénios como fármacos. Atualmente, a pesquisa de fármacos a partir de plantas medicinais envolve uma abordagem multifacetada, que combina técnicas botânicas, fitoquímicas, biológicas e moleculares, tendo em vista o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos contra doenças neoplásicas, doenças infeciosas e parasitárias.
Neste projeto foram testadas 21 plantas oriundas da Guiné-Bissau, com o objetivo de identificar atividade antibacteriana, antiparasitária e quimiopreventiva. Foram utilizados três solventes de extração para as 21 amostras de plantas: o metanol, o clorofórmio e o etil acetato. Os extratos de plantas foram testados para os microrganismos Echerichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Toxoplasma gondii, de forma a determinar a existência de atividade antibacteriana e antiparasitária. Os extratos também foram testados sobre células Vero, 3T3, HeLa e Hep2, de modo a determinar a sua atividade citotóxica. A capacidade antioxidante e conteúdo em polifenóis dos extratos também foram estudados.
Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que algumas plantas possuem atividade antibacteriana contra os microorganismos estudados, nomeadamente os extratos de Margaritaria discoidea, Psychotrya peduncularis, Combretum micratum e Ocimum basilicum. Os extratos de Ocimum gratissimum e Combretum micratum demonstraram atividade anti-T. gondii. Foram obtidos bons resultados quanto à atividade antioxidante destas plantas, mas estas mostraram-se relativamente tóxicas, para as concentrações estudadas, quando em contato com as células animais estudadas. Estes resultados evidenciam que as Margaritaria discoidea, Psychotrya peduncularis, Combretum micratum, Ocimum gratissimum e Ocimum basilicum apresentam potencial quanto ao desenvolvimento de fármacos, a partir dos seus extratos, com propriedades antibacteriana e antiparasitárias.
For thousands of years plants have been used as medicines. Nowadays, the research of drugs from medicinal plants involves a multifaceted approach combining botanical, phytochemical, biological, and molecular techniques, considering the development of new drugs against diseases, such as cancer and infectious and parasitic diseases. In this study, 21 plants from Guiné-Bissau, were tested with the aim of identifying possible actions of the plant extracts as antibacterial, antiparasitic and chemopreventive agents. In this work, methanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate were used as extraction solvents on these 21 samples. These extracts were tested against microorganisms such as Echerichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Toxoplasma gondii, in order to prove the existence of antibacterial and antiparasitic activity of these plants. Vero, 3T3, HeLa and Hep2 cells were placed in contact with the studied plant extracts, to understand its action on these cell lines. The antioxidant capacity of these plants was also measured, in order to determine their chemopreventive activity. The results showed that Margaritaria discoidea, Psychotrya peduncularis, Combretum micratum and Ocimum basilicum possess antibacterial activity against the studied microorganisms. Ocimum gratissimum and Combretum micratum also showed activity against Toxoplasma gondii. Antioxidant activity was observed in some of the plants’ extracts studied, but these extracts were very toxic when in contact with the studied animal cells. These results demonstrate that Margaritaria discoidea, Psychotrya peduncularis, Combretum micratum, Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum basilicum are promising for the development of drugs from their extracts, with antibacterial and antiparasitic properties.
For thousands of years plants have been used as medicines. Nowadays, the research of drugs from medicinal plants involves a multifaceted approach combining botanical, phytochemical, biological, and molecular techniques, considering the development of new drugs against diseases, such as cancer and infectious and parasitic diseases. In this study, 21 plants from Guiné-Bissau, were tested with the aim of identifying possible actions of the plant extracts as antibacterial, antiparasitic and chemopreventive agents. In this work, methanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate were used as extraction solvents on these 21 samples. These extracts were tested against microorganisms such as Echerichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Toxoplasma gondii, in order to prove the existence of antibacterial and antiparasitic activity of these plants. Vero, 3T3, HeLa and Hep2 cells were placed in contact with the studied plant extracts, to understand its action on these cell lines. The antioxidant capacity of these plants was also measured, in order to determine their chemopreventive activity. The results showed that Margaritaria discoidea, Psychotrya peduncularis, Combretum micratum and Ocimum basilicum possess antibacterial activity against the studied microorganisms. Ocimum gratissimum and Combretum micratum also showed activity against Toxoplasma gondii. Antioxidant activity was observed in some of the plants’ extracts studied, but these extracts were very toxic when in contact with the studied animal cells. These results demonstrate that Margaritaria discoidea, Psychotrya peduncularis, Combretum micratum, Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum basilicum are promising for the development of drugs from their extracts, with antibacterial and antiparasitic properties.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Saúde pública Botânica Plantas medicinais Doenças infecciosas Doenças parasitárias Guiné-Bissau
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical