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Prevalência e distribuição de coinfecção por dirofilariose e leishmaniose canina em Portugal
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A dirofilariose e a leishmaniose são doenças parasitárias causadas pelo nemátode Dirofilaria immitis e pelo protozoário Leishmania infantum respetivamente. Estas duas parasitoses de transmissão vetorial partilham não só a mesma distribuição geográfica como focos de endemicidade coincidentes. Portugal é considerado um país endémico para estas duas parasitoses, à semelhança dos outros países da bacia Mediterrânica.
O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de infeção por D. immitis e L. infantum em cães na zona centro de Portugal (Coimbra, Santarém e Setúbal) tendo-se estimado posteriormente a prevalência de coinfeção entre estas duas parasitoses. Para o efeito foi estuda uma população de duzentos e noventa e nove cães com idade superior a seis meses oriundos de diferentes canis pertencentes aos três distritos em análise.
A prevalência de D. immitis nos distritos de Coimbra, Setúbal e Santarém foi de 13,8%, 22, 7% e 35,4% respetivamente, sendo a prevalência de L. infantum nos mesmos distritos de 1,06%, 2,7% e 2,3%. Constatou-se a existência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas (χ2 = 13,417; P=0,001) na prevalência de infeção por D. immitis inter distritos, tendo sido o distrito de Santarém o que revelou um maior número de casos positivos (46/77). Foram avaliadas associações entre parâmetros amostrais (idade, sexo e pelagem) e manifestações clínicas (lesões cutâneas, gânglios linfáticos, edema/ascite e auscultação) com as prevalências de cada uma das parasitoses tendo-se verificado uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre a infeção por D. immitis e a idade. Apenas um caso de coinfeção foi observado, no distrito de Setúbal, correspondendo a uma prevalência global de coinfeção de 0,33% (0,1-1,9; IC a 95%).
Este trabalho procurou compreender a situação de coinfeção e co-endemecidade atualmente presente em Portugal, numa perspetiva de promover medidas de controlo integradas para as duas parasitoses. A coinfecção não é significativa, devido possivelmente à baixa prevalência de infecção por L. infantum.
Dirofilariasis and Leishmaniasis are infections caused by the parasitic nematode Dirofilaria immitis and the protozoan Leishmania infantum, respectively. These two vector-borne parasites share, not only the same geographic distribution, as well as similar endemic foci. As other Mediterranean countries, Portugal is also endemic for both parasitic diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and co-infection caused by D. immitis and L. infantum in dogs in central Portugal regions (Coimbra, Santarém and Setúbal). For this purpose, 299 dogs, with more than six months old, housed in kennels from those districts were evaluated. The prevalence of D. immitis in the districts of Coimbra, Setúbal and Santarém was 13.8%, 22.7% and 35.4%, respectively, while the prevalence of L. infantum was 1.06%, 2.3% and 2.7%, respectively. It was found a statistically significant association (χ2 = 13.417, P = 0.001) between the prevalence of D. immitis infection and the districts. Santarém was the district with more positive cases of D. immitis (46/77). Associations between individual parameters (age, sex and body hair) and clinical manifestations (skin lesions, lymph nodes, oedema/ascites and respiratory signs) with the prevalence for each parasite were established. Statistically significant associations were only detected between D. immitis infection and the dog’s age. Co-infection with both parasites was detected only in one case from the district of Setúbal [0.33% (0,1-1,9; 95% CI)]. This study sought to investigate the occurrence of co-infection and co-endemicity in those regions in order to design, if required, integrated control measures against dirofilariasis and leishmaniasis. It was found that co-infection is not significant, possibly due to the low prevalence of L. infantum infection.
Dirofilariasis and Leishmaniasis are infections caused by the parasitic nematode Dirofilaria immitis and the protozoan Leishmania infantum, respectively. These two vector-borne parasites share, not only the same geographic distribution, as well as similar endemic foci. As other Mediterranean countries, Portugal is also endemic for both parasitic diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and co-infection caused by D. immitis and L. infantum in dogs in central Portugal regions (Coimbra, Santarém and Setúbal). For this purpose, 299 dogs, with more than six months old, housed in kennels from those districts were evaluated. The prevalence of D. immitis in the districts of Coimbra, Setúbal and Santarém was 13.8%, 22.7% and 35.4%, respectively, while the prevalence of L. infantum was 1.06%, 2.3% and 2.7%, respectively. It was found a statistically significant association (χ2 = 13.417, P = 0.001) between the prevalence of D. immitis infection and the districts. Santarém was the district with more positive cases of D. immitis (46/77). Associations between individual parameters (age, sex and body hair) and clinical manifestations (skin lesions, lymph nodes, oedema/ascites and respiratory signs) with the prevalence for each parasite were established. Statistically significant associations were only detected between D. immitis infection and the dog’s age. Co-infection with both parasites was detected only in one case from the district of Setúbal [0.33% (0,1-1,9; 95% CI)]. This study sought to investigate the occurrence of co-infection and co-endemicity in those regions in order to design, if required, integrated control measures against dirofilariasis and leishmaniasis. It was found that co-infection is not significant, possibly due to the low prevalence of L. infantum infection.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Parasitologia médica Dirofilasiose Leishmanioses Portugal
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical