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“O litoral norte de Moçambique e o milagre que não aconteceu” A incapacidade portuguesa de conquistar um território entre 1850-1900
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A presente dissertação terá como grande objetivo, compreender e explicitar a posição
estratégica, em correlação com as lógicas geográficas do litoral moçambicano,
relacionando com os esforços diplomáticos e militares portugueses em contexto de
afirmação de soberania, entre os períodos de 1850-1900. Urge responder como grande
ponto de partida, o quão significativa terá sido o elemento geográfico nos ritmos de
ocupação no território colonial moçambicano e nas lógicas que vigoraram no pensamento
estratégico português, naturalmente correlacionando com as extremidades e os ritmos
distintos de ocupação do espaço.
A escolha deste arco cronológico em particular, prende-se por ser um período
caracterizado pelas acelerações na ocupação do espaço africano, por parte das diversas
potências europeias, suscitando não só situações de competição e conflito, não só entre
europeus e africanos, mas entre os diversos impérios, dos quais Portugal se incluiria. Na
realidade portuguesa, tal como as demais, o período é marcado por fortes alterações na
sociedade portuguesa, em particular na sua estrutura política. Como referido, estas
alterações não vão estar alienadas da realidade colonial, ao qual, como é sabido, as
questões dos vários tratados entre as forças coloniais, serão dos mais marcantes na
sociedade do período.
Coincidente com o período, a situação política referida, foi importante numa das três
vertentes que se pretendia explorar neste trabalho. Como primeiro aspeto de relevo, o
trabalho com a geografia, irá ser focado numa análise de todos os aspetos geográficos da
região, tentando correlacionar estes aspetos com o pensamento político, procurando
encontrar relações e tentar entender as lógicas dos já referidos interesses políticos e os
motivos de algumas destas disputas. Acabando por correlacioná-lo com as populações,
territórios e interesses que vigoravam até então.
O segundo aspeto em que focaremos encontra-se no capítulo militar. Neste tentaremos
compreender e explicar as lógicas distintivas da territorialização portuguesa no litoral,
tentando encontrar e separar as campanhas, relacionando-as com o aspeto geográfico e
diplomático. Sendo o grande objetivo explicar os motivos para os quais as lógicas de
ocupação e conquista serão mais bem-sucedidas em certos espaços do que noutros.
Naturalmente, e relacionando com esta proposta de trabalho, entrando no conceito de
“defesa” do espaço, a vertente diplomática assumirá um dos fatores centrais, estando a
sua divisão, estudo e aprofundamento do tema, nomeadamente, no contexto africano, ou
seja, o uso da diplomacia através de agentes diplomáticos e em particular através dos
tratados políticos com as potencias estrangeiras.
Como último tópico de relevo, trabalhamos as questões da evolução territorial portuguesa
assim como, uma análise e conclusão de tudo o que foi elaborado no contexto destas
questões, nomeadamente nos padrões distintivos na costa norte moçambicana.
The following dissertation aims to understand and explain the strategical position, in correlation with the geographical logics of the Mozambican coastline, relating to the Portuguese diplomatic and military efforts in the context of expansion, between the periods of 1850 and 1900. As the key element of this work, it’s an imperative to answer how important was geography in the rhythms of occupation of Mozambique and the role it played in the Portuguese strategical thought, naturally connecting these points with the extremities and the different rhythms of the occupation of the space. The choice of this period, is that this period is highlighted by the acceleration in the occupation of the African territory by various European powers, creating not only situations of competition and conflict between europeans and africans, but also between the different european empires, one of those being Portugal. In the portuguese reality, like others, this period is marked by strong changes in portuguese society with its political structure. As previously stated, these changes are not alienated of the colonial realities, and as we know the various treaties will play a key role in the society of the time. Coincidentally the period and political situation in question was important in one of the three main topics that we choose to explore in this dissertation. As the first topic central theme of this dissertation, the work with geography, will be focused in an analysis of all the geographic aspects of this region, with the main goal of connecting these aspects with the political thinking, looking to find these relations and understanding the logics of the already referred political interests and looking for the reasons of some of these disputes, also relating with the local populations and its interests at the time. The second theme that we will be focusing on is the military role. In this chapter we will try to understand and explain the logics of Portuguese occupation in the coastline, trying to find and separate the campaigns, relating them with geographical and diplomatic aspect. The key objective in this topic is trying to explain the logics of occupation and conquest, and why some are more successful than others. Naturally, in relation with this proposition of a theme, the diplomatic theme will assume as one the main central themes, the division, study, and deepening of the theme, mainly in its African context, meaning the study of diplomatic agents, embassies, and political treaties with the foreign powers. As the last relevant theme, we shall work the questions of the evolution of the Portuguese territorial expansion and present an analysis and conclusion of everything worked in the context of this questions mainly in analyzing the distinct patterns of occupation between the northern coastline of Mozambique
The following dissertation aims to understand and explain the strategical position, in correlation with the geographical logics of the Mozambican coastline, relating to the Portuguese diplomatic and military efforts in the context of expansion, between the periods of 1850 and 1900. As the key element of this work, it’s an imperative to answer how important was geography in the rhythms of occupation of Mozambique and the role it played in the Portuguese strategical thought, naturally connecting these points with the extremities and the different rhythms of the occupation of the space. The choice of this period, is that this period is highlighted by the acceleration in the occupation of the African territory by various European powers, creating not only situations of competition and conflict between europeans and africans, but also between the different european empires, one of those being Portugal. In the portuguese reality, like others, this period is marked by strong changes in portuguese society with its political structure. As previously stated, these changes are not alienated of the colonial realities, and as we know the various treaties will play a key role in the society of the time. Coincidentally the period and political situation in question was important in one of the three main topics that we choose to explore in this dissertation. As the first topic central theme of this dissertation, the work with geography, will be focused in an analysis of all the geographic aspects of this region, with the main goal of connecting these aspects with the political thinking, looking to find these relations and understanding the logics of the already referred political interests and looking for the reasons of some of these disputes, also relating with the local populations and its interests at the time. The second theme that we will be focusing on is the military role. In this chapter we will try to understand and explain the logics of Portuguese occupation in the coastline, trying to find and separate the campaigns, relating them with geographical and diplomatic aspect. The key objective in this topic is trying to explain the logics of occupation and conquest, and why some are more successful than others. Naturally, in relation with this proposition of a theme, the diplomatic theme will assume as one the main central themes, the division, study, and deepening of the theme, mainly in its African context, meaning the study of diplomatic agents, embassies, and political treaties with the foreign powers. As the last relevant theme, we shall work the questions of the evolution of the Portuguese territorial expansion and present an analysis and conclusion of everything worked in the context of this questions mainly in analyzing the distinct patterns of occupation between the northern coastline of Mozambique
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Palavras-chave
Diplomacia Diplomacy Moçambique Mozambique Geografia Geography Estratégico Strategic Geopolítica Geopolitics