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O Conceito da Política da Perfeição em Michael Oakeshott
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Resumo(s)
Na presente dissertação, dedico-me a refletir na hipótese de que a perfeição humana
possa ser alcançada através da política – pelo controlo total das atividades humanas e o seu
direcionamento rumo ao paraíso terreno, o que implica que a felicidade seja entendida como
o ideal absoluto de qualquer sociedade. Significa também uma forma sistemática de pensar
filosoficamente. Para este efeito, basear-me-ei na perspetiva do filósofo inglês Michael
Oakeshott. De todas as suas obras e ensaios de teoria política, dois títulos são fundamentais
para esta análise: The Politics of Faith & the Politics of Scepticism e Rationalism in Politics.
A política da perfeição surge assim, de forma geral, em Oakeshott, como polo ideal da
atividade governativa do estilo da fé e enquanto expressão do racionalismo. O primeiro focase no uso do poder; o segundo, no modo de entender e usar a razão. Paralelamente, ilustrarei
a minha análise com o recurso a obras de ficção da literatura antiutópica e isotópica. As
consequências, quer teóricas, quer empíricas, serão nefastas. Aqui entram em ação o
pensamento conservador, e o papel da figura do Trimmer e de cidadãos que possuam uma
educação política e moral. Só assim é possível compreender este modo de agir e pensar da
política moderna, e como diluir as suas consequências.
In the following dissertation I will discuss the hypothesis that human perfection can be achieved through political means – the total control of human activities creating heaven on earth. Assuming this to be true, we must deduce from this view that happiness is the single goal of every society. In order to make this matter intelligible, I will take into consideration the English philosopher Michael Oakeshott’s own perspective. Amongst all of his most relevant works and essays on political theory, two are essential for the undertaking of this reflection: The Politics of Faith & the Politics of Scepticism and Rationalism in Politics. The politics of perfection thus appears, in general terms, both as an ideal pole of political activity and as the main ambassador of rationalism – in other words, as an explanatory device for how the government makes use of the power at its disposal, and as a specific way of understanding and applying reason. Accompanying my discussion, I will illustrate the politics of perfection with the help of anti-utopian and dystopian novels. The consequences, both theoretical and empirical, are nefarious. Not only for the purpose of comprehending a way of thinking and acting, but above all, to weaken its evil, since we cannot extinguish it, the role of conservatism, the character of the Trimmer and the existence of citizens who are educated in politics and morals, will prove vital.
In the following dissertation I will discuss the hypothesis that human perfection can be achieved through political means – the total control of human activities creating heaven on earth. Assuming this to be true, we must deduce from this view that happiness is the single goal of every society. In order to make this matter intelligible, I will take into consideration the English philosopher Michael Oakeshott’s own perspective. Amongst all of his most relevant works and essays on political theory, two are essential for the undertaking of this reflection: The Politics of Faith & the Politics of Scepticism and Rationalism in Politics. The politics of perfection thus appears, in general terms, both as an ideal pole of political activity and as the main ambassador of rationalism – in other words, as an explanatory device for how the government makes use of the power at its disposal, and as a specific way of understanding and applying reason. Accompanying my discussion, I will illustrate the politics of perfection with the help of anti-utopian and dystopian novels. The consequences, both theoretical and empirical, are nefarious. Not only for the purpose of comprehending a way of thinking and acting, but above all, to weaken its evil, since we cannot extinguish it, the role of conservatism, the character of the Trimmer and the existence of citizens who are educated in politics and morals, will prove vital.
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Palavras-chave
Michael Oakeshott Politics of perfection Política da perfeição Politics of faith Política da fé Rationalism Racionalismo Conservatism Conservadorismo Traditionalism Tradicionalismo Utopia Utopia Anti-utopia Antiutopia Dystopia Isotopia Trimmer Educação política Political education Moral Moralities